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lab 9 quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| one hemoglobin molecule contains ____ heme groups; each heme group normally combines with one molecule of ____. | 4; oxygen |
| the hormone ______ stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells; this hormone is secreted by the _____. | erythropoietin; kidney |
| old red blood cells are destroyed by the _____ system, which includes these three organs: | reticuloendothelial; liver, spleen, bone marrow |
| heme derived from hemoglobin, minus the iron, is converted into a different pigment, known as ______; an accumulation of this pigment can cause a yellowing known as _____. | bilirubin; jaundice |
| define the term hematocrit. | ratio of packed rbc's to total volume of blood |
| the molecule formed by the binding of oxygen to deoxyhemoglobin: | oxyhemoglobin |
| a hemoglobin molecule containing oxidized iron (Fe3+) is called: | methemoglobin |
| a molecule formed from the combination of hemoglobin and carbon monoxide is: | carboxyhemoglobin |
| a general term for an abnormally low red blood cell count or hemoglobin concentration: | anemia |
| the most common cause of anemia: | inadequate iron (also blood loss, vitamin B12,or folic acid deficiency) |
| why is anemia dangerous? | low ability to transport O2 (especially to the brain) |
| what is the relationship between rapid rbc destruction and jaundice in newborns? | rbcs are rapidly destroyed during labor and delivery. as rbcs are broken down, hemoglobin is released and converted to bilirubin. a newborn's liver may not be fully developed and not be able to clear this bilirubin, which makes the skin/eyes yellow. |
| how can jaundice be treated? | UV light breaks down bilirubin, so taking a baby outside or using bili-light can treat jaundice. |
| blood test results would be different for anemia & carbon monoxide poisoning but these conditions are similar. How? | both result in lowered ability of blood to carry o2. anemia can be due to low levels of hemoglobin &/or rbc's. CO binds to hemoglobin more readily than o2. |
| ppl who live at high altitudes have high rbc count, called polycythemia. explain cause, benefit, and adverse effects. | cause: less o2 available so body compensates by increasing rbc's. this increases blood viscosity which increases blood pressure &/or peripheral resistance benefit: athletes (high ability to carry o2 to muscles) bad: high blood pressure & heart attacks |
| what does O2 carrying capacity of blood depend on? | number of rbc's; amount of hemoglobin |
| polycythemia | too many rbc's, can increase bp |
| anemia | insufficient number of rbc's or Hb |
| why might athletes take erythropoietin? | increases amount of rbc's, which can increase ability to carry O2 to muscles. it is banned however because it can cause high bp and heart attacks, and causes an unfair advantage. |
| to find the sum of rbcs in an area, what do you take area 1-5 by? | 10,000 (= # rbcs per mm3 blood) |
| what are the normal rbc count values? | female-4.0-5.5 million rbcs/mm3 blood male-4.5-6.0 million rbcs/mm3 blood |
| what are the normal hematocrit values? | female-42 (+/- 5%) male-47 (+/- 5%) |
| what are the normal hemoglobin values? | female-12-15 g/dL male-13-16 g/dL |
| MCV | mean corpuscular volume (um3) - size of rbcs |
| MCHC | mean corpuscular Hb concentration - amount of Hb per rbc as % |
| what does carbon monoxide poisoning do? | carbon monoxide binds to heme 210x more tightly than O2, so it does not diffuse off as easily. this decreases the O2 carrying capacity of hemoglobin. |
Created by:
alaynak