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Coasts Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a longshore current? | Currents that move parallel to shore |
| What is a longshore drift? | The movement of the sediment parallel to the beach |
| What is an inlet? | Opening between an ocean and a bay or lagoon |
| What is a spit? | Fingers of sand that extend out into the ocean |
| What is a fishery? | Industry focused on the harvesting of aquatic life |
| What is maximum sustainable yield? | The amount of fishery biomass that can be removed yearly and still maintain healthy fishery |
| What is bycatch? | Fish or other marine species caught unintentionally |
| What is the site at which harvesting of aquatic life occurs, both recreationally and commercially? | Fishery |
| What did the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act do? | 1976- increased US jurisdiction to 200 nautical miles and Created 8 regional fishery management councils |
| What is Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management? | Instead of considering a single species, consider the larger system |
| Why can seafood be more sustainable than land protein? | Fish float, they use less land, and they require less food |
| True or False: is seafood the most globally traded world commodity? | True |
| What is the difference between a summer and winter beach? | A summer beach is bigger and broader than a winter beach |
| What accounts for the difference between a summer and winter beach? | In summer, the waves are smaller and gentle; depositing more sand than eroding. In winter, the waves are bigger and stronger. |
| How can a dam on a river affect a beach? | It can stop sediment and cause a beach to narrow or disappear |
| What is hard stabilization? | Artificial barriers put in place to alter natural movement of sand along the coast |
| What is the purpose of a sea wall? | Protect the land |
| What is the downside of a sea wall? | Massive beach erosion |
| What is a groin? | Concrete or stone walls perpendicular to beach |
| What does a groin try to do? | Prevent longshore drift from removing sand |
| What is a jetty? | A pair of walls used to hold open a harbor |
| What do jetties do? | Keep inlets open |
| What is a breakwater? | Structure built parallel to shore prevent full force of waves from hitting the beach |
| What is glacial isostasy? | Rise in landmasses after the removal of glacial ice |
| What is another name for glacial isostasy? | Glacial Rebound |
| What is subsidence? | Sinking of the land due to water removal, tectonics, or other factors |
| What are the two climate factors that cause sea level to rise? | Melting of glacial ice and thermal expansion |
| What is thermal expansion? | As oceans warm, water expands |
| Which glacial ice melt affects sea level rise? Land ice or sea ice? Why? | Sea ice does not contribute since the ice was already in the sea; land ice does because it was not originally in the sea |
| How does coral bleaching happen? | If water temperatures get too warm, zooxanthellae die/leave. Without the algae, the coral bleaches. |
| What is ocean acidification? | CO2 reacts with seawater, increasing acidity of ocean and causing carbonate ions to be less abundant |
| Why is ocean acidification bad? | Without the carbonate that acidity reduces, ocean critters are unable to build shells or find food, leading to death. |
| What is salt water intrusion? | Movement of saltwater into freshwater aquifers |
| What is the MOSE barrier system? | An inflatable barrier system/wall that is raised during high tide events |
| What solutions did the city of Venice decide to pursue? | Ban on groundwater pumping, restore salt marsh, divert cruise ships, MOSE barrier system |
| Why did the Venetians divert their rivers? | To get rid of deposition |
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