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Bio quiz
Bio
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kinetic energy | Energy of motion |
| Potential energy | stored energy due to position |
| Mechanical energy | The total kinetic and potential energy |
| Chemical energy | Energy stored in chemical bonds |
| Chemical reaction | Process where substances (reactants) change into new ones (products) |
| Exergonic reaction | Releases energy |
| Endergonic reaction | Absorbs energy |
| Catabolic reaction | Breaks down molecules, releases energy |
| Anabolic reaction | Builds molecules, uses energy |
| Activation energy | Energy needed to start a reaction |
| Reactants | Starting materials in a reaction |
| Products | Substances formed by the reaction |
| Catalyst | Substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up |
| Enzyme | A biological catalyst (made of protein) |
| Denature | When an enzyme changes shape and no longer works |
| Metabolism | All chemical reactions in an organism |
| Carbohydrates | Sugars and starches that store energy |
| Monosaccharide | Single sugar molecule |
| Disaccharide | Two sugars bonded together |
| Polysaccharide | Many sugars bonded (starch, cellulose) |
| Protein | Made of amino acids; build body structure and enzymes |
| Amino acid | Building block (monomer) of protein |
| Peptide bond | Link between amino acids in a protein |
| Polypeptide | Long chain of amino acids |
| Enzyme | A protein catalyst that speeds up reactions |
| Substrate | The molecule an enzyme acts on |
| Active site | Spot on enzymes where the substrate fits |
| Lipid | Fats, oils, and waxes used to store energy in membranes |
| Monomer | Small building blocks of a larger molecule |
| Polymer | Many monomers joined together |
| Hydrolysis | Breaking down a polymer by adding water |
| Dehydration synthesis | Building polymers by removing water |
| Hydrophilic | Water-loving that mixes well with water |
| Hydrophobic | Water-fearing doesn't mix well with water |
| Saturated fatty acids | All single bonds, solid at room temp (butter) |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | Has double bonds; liquid at room temp (oil) |
| Phospholipid | Liquid with a phosphate group; make up cell membranes |
| Steroid | Lipid with four carbon rings (hormones, cholesterol) |
| Glycerol | Backbone molecule in fats |
| ATP | Energy molecule of the cell |
| Macro molecule | A giant molecule made of many smaller ones (carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) |
| Induced fit model | Explains how an enzyme slightly changes shape to fit substrate |
| Iodine test | Starch |
| Benedicts test | Sugar |
| Sudan test | Lipids |
| Biuret test | Proteins |
| Nucleic acid | Stores genetic information; amino acid sequence of polypeptides |
| Globular | compact and spherical, unstable, soluble (hemoglobin) |
| Fibourus | Strand like, insoluble, stable (collegen, keratin) |
| Galactose+glucose | Lactose |
| Fructose+glucose | Sucrose |
Created by:
FionaR