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Nuclear Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| nuclear chemistry | the study of the nucleus and the changes it undergoes |
| radioactivity | the spontaneous emission of particles and energy from the nucleus of an atom |
| nuclear decay | the process where an unstable nucleus spontaneously emits particles or energy |
| alpha particle | A helium nucleus consisting of 2 protons + 2 neutrons (mass # of 4) |
| beta minus decay | the process whereby a high energy electron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay |
| positron | antimatter of an electron having no mass but a positive electrical charge |
| beta plus decay | the process whereby a positron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay |
| gamma ray | highest energy electromagnetic radiation; may cause cancer or death of cells |
| half-life | the amount of time it takes for 1/2 of a radioactive isotope to undergo decay |
| nuclear transformation | the process of changing the nucleus of an atom, which can result in a new element |
| uniformitarianism | the theory that environmental conditions have remained the same over millions of years |
| nuclear bombardment reaction | a process where a nucleus is struck by another particle causing it to change |
| fusion | the process where two smaller nuclei collide forming a larger nucleus and releasing a great amount of energy |
| fission | the process where one heavy nucleus is struck by a particle causing the nucleus to break into two smaller nuclei and releasing a large amount of energy and neutrons |
| chain reation | a chemical reaction in which the products themselves promotes the spread of the reaction which may accelerate dramatically |
| fusion | this process occurs naturally in the sun where two hydrogen atoms are joined to form a heavier isotope or element |
| chemical rxn, fission, fusion | List the 3 types of reactions in order of increasing energy produced as a result of the reactions: fission, chemical rxn, fusion |
| carbon-14 | This radioisotope is used to date fossils |
| heavy isotopes and elements with an atomic # greater than 83 | Which elements are radioactive? |
| Gamma radiation is often emitted during an alpha or beta decay | Can gamma radiation accompany an alpha or beta decay? |
Created by:
vcanfield
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