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Anatomy Midterm 2
Urinary Microanatomy Renal Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the basic functional unit of the kidney? | Nephron |
| What is the role of the nephron | 1. Filtration 2. reabsorption 3. secretion 4. urine concentraton |
| Name 4 parts of the nephron | 1. Renal Corpuscle 2. proximal convulated tubule 3. loop of henle 4. distal convulated tubule |
| What are 2 parts of the renal corpuscle? | 1. glomerulus 2. Bowman's capsule |
| Where is the renal corpuscle located | In the cortex |
| What is the glomerulus | tuft of capillaries |
| what is the Bowman's capsule | Double-walled capsule surrounding the glomerulus |
| what is the function of the renal capsule | filter blood and create ultrafiltrate that becomes urine |
| where does ultrafiltrate form and enter? | Bowman's capsule |
| What in the golmerulus causes filtration in the blood? | blood pressure |
| what is the purpose of fenestrations between glomerular and endothelium | to keep blood cells + large proteins in the blood (everything else is filtered) |
| What does GFR stand for | Glomerular filtration rate |
| What is the GFR | term used for how fast plasma is filtereed through the glomerulus in mL/min |
| what percentage of plasma is removed from circulation every minute | 25% |
| What 2 layers form the walls of the bowman's capsule | visceral and parietal layers |
| define capsular space | space between visceral and parietal layers that collects filtrate |
| define glomerular filtrate | plasma filtered through the glomerulus and enters capsular space |
| What kind of cells (-cytes) is the visceral layer of the bowman's capsule made of | podocytes |
| what feature does the visceral layer of the bowman's capsule have to further assist in filtration | "Foot processes" |
| how much glomerular filtrate does a 10kg dog form a day? | 53.3L |
| where does the majority of filtrate reabsorption happen | proximal convoluted tubule |
| what structure reabsorbs H2O, Na, Cl | Loop of henle |
| What structure reabsorbs Na, Ca and excretes K, H+ | Distal convulated tubule |
| What structure reabsorbs H2O, (ADH if present) and regulated acid base | Collecting ducts |
| what percentage of filteres substances get reabsorbed to the proximal tubule | 60% |
| What is the longest part of the tubular system | proximal convulated tubes |
| what physcial features make up the proximal convulated tubule | cuboidal epithelial with microvilli |
| What happens in the loop of henle? | Na. Cl, and H2O are reabsorbed |
| What is aldosterone | an adrenal horomone that increases Na reabsoption and K excretion |
| Where is aldosterone found | in the Distal convulated tubule |
| What is the purpose of collecting ducts | to carry the tubular filtrate through the medulla to the calycces and empty into the renal pelvis |
| What 2 important things happen in the collecting ducts? | continuation of aldosterone, and ADH (promotes water reabsoption + acid-base balance) |
Created by:
Itsany