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EXAM 3 PREP
Abdominal Sonography
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why are esophageal varices related to portal hypertension a threat to the patient's life? | They are dilated, fragile structures and can easily rupture and hemorrhage |
| Jim MacDonald, a sheep farmer, arrives at the hospital with right upper quadrant pain, fever, and elevated white blood cell count. He states that 3 months ago he was kicked in the ribs. An irregular, septated mass in the liver w/ low level echoes is seen | Echinococcal Cyst |
| Hepatocellular disease can be defined as a process that affects what part of the liver? | Hepatocytes |
| Where is the incidence of Echinococcal Cysts most prevalent? | Countries where sheep grazing is common |
| Diminished visualization of vascular structures within the liver parenchyma is most likely a result of which disease process? | Cirrhosis |
| What is the most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver? | Metastases |
| Budd-Chiari Syndrome is a rare disorder caused by obstruction of the IVC and/or what other vascular structures? | Hepatic Veins |
| What is the proper nomenclature for a benign, intrahepatic, echogenic, well-defined, highly vascular tumor? | Hemangioma |
| What is the sequela of elevated levels of serum bilirubin? | Jaundice |
| Fatty infiltration of the liver may be seen in patients with which medical conditions? | Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Alcoholism, and Hepatitis |
| What preexisting medical condition is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma? | Cirrhosis |
| Which ligament suspends the liver from the diaphragm and the anterior abdominal wall? | Falciform Ligament |
| What is another name for Type I glycogen storage disease? | Von Gierke's Disease |
| What are the typical clinical symptoms exhibited by a patient with a liver abscess? | Fever and pleuritis, increased white blood cell count and elevated liver functions, and abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting |
| Which intrahepatic structure is a great landmark for locating the gallbladder? | Main lobar fissure |
| What benign liver tumor is located near the subcapsular section of the liver, is often solitary, and is found most often in females under 40 years old? | Focal Nodular Hyperplasia |
| The falciform ligament contains what other abdominal ligament? | Ligamentum teres |
| What are the sonographic features most often observed in an intrahepatic mass? | Posterior displacement of the IVC, Displacement of the hepatic vascular radicles, and External bulging of the liver capsule |
| What are the levels of AST and ALT in severe hepatocellular destruction of the liver? | Very high |
| Which imaging technique works best when examining a fatty or cirrhotic liver? | Change the transducer operating frequency from 5.0 MHz to 3.5 MHz |
| Acording to the lecture, portal hypertension should be considered when the transvere portal vein diameter measures greater than what value? | 1.30 cm |
| What is the most common route for an amebic abscess to reach the liver? | Portal system |
| Where is the most common location in the abdominal cavity for an Echinococcal Cyst to form? | Liver |
| What structure joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct? | Cystic duct |
| What condition, which is found more often in females and causes RUQ pain, is attributed to small, polypoid masses arising from the gallbladder wall? | Adenomyomatosis |
| What type of cancer may metastasize to the gallbladder? | Melanoma |
| What section of the biliary system is formed from the connection of the cystic duct to the common hepatic duct? | Common bile duct |
| What is the sonographic appearance of a malignancy in the gallbladder wall? | Wall thickening and a wall mass |
| What is the medical term for inflammation of the gallbladder? | Cholecystitis |
| What is a Phrygian Cap of the gallbladder? | Folding of the gallbladder fundus |
| What is the diameter of the normal common hepatic duct? | 4.0 mm |
| What are the physiologic effects on the biliary system after a fatty meal is ingested? | Stimulation of CCK secretion, Contraction of the gallbladder, and Relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi |
| What structure is formed when the right and left hepatic ducts emerge from the right lobe of the liver at the porta hepatis and unite? | Common Hepatic Duct |
| What is the bright linear structure within the liver that connects the gallbladder fossa and the right portal vein? | Main lobar fissure |
| What is the most common level of gallstone obstruction in the biliary system? | Cystic Duct |
| How is Hartmann's pouch formed? | From a small out-pouching at the gallbladder wall |
| What is the typical sonographic appearance of a gallstone? | Dependent, mobile, and echogenic |
| What is the normal measurement of a normal common bile duct for a 60 year old? | 6.0 mm |
| What benign liver tumor is found in patients with Type I glycogen disease? | Adenoma |
| What are the differentials for Fatty Infiltration? | Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, and Metastasis |
| What are the differentials for Chronic Hepatitis? | Fatty liver and Cirrhosis |
| What are the differentials for Cirrhosis? | Fatty liver and Hepatitis |
| What are the differentials for Glycogen Storage Disease? | Fatty liver and Focal Nodular Hyperplasia |
| What are the differentials for Hemochromatosis? | Cirrhosis |
| What are the differentials for Polycystic Liver Disease? | Abscess, Hematoma, and Necrotic Metastasis |
| What are the differentials for Hemangioma? | Metastases, Hepatoma, Focal Fatty Infiltration, and Adenoma |
| What are the differentials for FNH? | Hepatic Adenoma, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, and Hemangioma |
| What medical condition is associated with a positive "Murphy's Sign"? | Acute Hepatitis |
| What is the medical term for inflammation of the gallbladder? | Cholecystitis |
| What is the most common cause of sludge formation in the gallbladder? | Bile remaining in the GB for too long (slow flow) |
| What is the gallbladder's main function? | Store and concentrate bile |
| Non-shadowing, low-amplitude echoes in the dependent area of the gallbladder represent which pathological condition? | Sludge |
| What are the classic symptoms of gallbladder disease? | Nausea and vomiting, RUQ pain, and right shoulder pain |
Created by:
marissagirl