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Respiratory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Patho for Pulmonary embolism | clot travels-lodges in the pulmonary vessels |
| Patho for Pleural effusion | fluid accumulated in the pleural space |
| Patho for Respiratory failure | inadequately oxygenated blood or remove carbon dioxide |
| Patho for ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome | lung inury-inflammatory mediators (cytokines) released, increased cap permeability-alveloi fill with protein rich fluid, decreased surfactant-alveolar collapse(atelectasis), decreased lung compliance-stiff lungs, refractory hypoxemia. |
| Patho for pneumothorax | collapsed lung, air leaks into pleural space-loss of neg pressure-lung collapses, decreased lung expansion-decreased gas exchange |
| Patho for tension pneumothorax | air leaks into chest cavity and can't escape-life threatening, air enters on inspriation and trapped during desperation. |
| Patho for hemo pneumothorax | blood in chest cavity causes collapsed lung |
| Patho for flail chest | fx of two or more ribs-unstable rib cage |
| Causes of P.E. | DVT, prolonged immobility, central venous catheters, Sx within 3 months |
| Causes of pleural effusion | pneumonia, TB, CHF, chest trauma, renal failure, |
| causes of respiratory failure | Infection, COPD, aspiration, tumor, asthma, parital/complete collapse of the lung, pnuemonia, shock, covid, pneumothorax, hypoventilation, MG |
| cause of ARDS | lung injury: sepsis, PE, shock, aspriations, severe inflammation from covid-cytokine storm, aspirate gastric contents |
| clinical manifestations for pneumothorax | sudden dyspnea, blunt chest trauma, complications fo medical procedures, hyperresonance to percussion, asymmetrical chest expanision |
| clinical manifestations for tension pneumothorax | severe resp distress, tracheal deviation to opposite side, JVD, hypotension, cyanosis, absent breath sound on affected side, blunt chest trauma, PEEP |
| clinical manifestations of hemo pneumothorax | decreased breath sounds on affected sides, dullness to percussion, signs of shock, blunt chest trauma, penetrating injuries |
| cause of flail chest | blunt chest trauam, CPR |
| S and Sx of P.E. | respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation), JVD-due to increased pressure in the hearts Rt ventricle, Increased B/P |
| s/sx of Pleural effusion | friction rub-grating sound in chest like walking on snow, pain on inspiration |
| clinical manifestations for Respiratory failure | respiratory acidosis, hypoxemic, use of accessory muscles, |
| clinical manifestations of ARDS | normal lung sounds, non pulmonary edema, hypoxemia even with 100% O2 sats, diffuse crackles, refractory hypoxemia, frothy sputum |
| s/sx of pneumothorax | decreased or absent breath sounds on one side, asymmetrical chest movement |
| s/sx of tension pneumothorax | JVD, trachial deviation, decreased cardiac output pressures |
| s/sx of hemo pnemothorax | percussion produced dull sounds |
| s/sx of flail chest | paradosical chest wall movement |
| Medical treatment for P.E. | Heparin, lovonox, TPA, emoblectomy, IVC, catscan |
| Medical treatment for pleural effusion | xray, thoracentesis, |
| Medical treatment for respiratory failure | MDI, vent, corticosteroids, O2 |
| Medical treatment for ARDS | xray, vent with PEEP, TPN, or tube feed, treat underlying problems |
| Medical treatment for Pneumothorax | o2 therapy, chest tube insertion(thoracostomy) xray, CT, chest tube |
| Medical treatment for tension pneumothorax | immediate emergency decompression, needle decompression, followed by chest tube(thoracostomy) xray, CT, chest tube, needle thoracostomy |
| Medical treatment for hemo pneumothorax | volume replacement, monitor for bleeding, treat shock-montior H&H, xray, CT, chest tube, thoracotomy |
| Medical treatment for flail chest | vigilant reapiratory care with humidification, vent if needed with PEEP |
| PEEP positive end expiratory pressure | positive pressure exerted on expiration |
| PIP Peak airway inpsiatory pressure | vent to deliver a set tidal volume, highest pressure reached during inspirations |
Created by:
user-2000859