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Respiration

CAPP Unit 6C Respiration

TermDefinition
cellular respiration the breaking down of glucose to release energy in the form of ATP
aerobic uses oxygen
anaerobic does not use oxygen
NAD+/NADH examples of molecules classified as electron carriers - they carry high energy electrons between reactions. NAD+ is the oxidized (has lost electrons) and NADH is reduced (has gained electrons)
FAD/FADH2 examples of molecules classified as electron carriers - they carry high energy electrons between reactions. FAD+ is the oxidized (has lost electrons), and FADH2 is reduced (has gained electrons)
glycoloysis the first step in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, it breaks glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules, releasing 2 net ATP. This process occurs in the cytoplasm.
pyruvate oxidation a step in cellular respiration that converts a three-carbon pyruvate molecule into a two-carbon acetyl-CoA molecule, a carbon dioxide molecule, and a NADH molecule. This process occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.
citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondria, in the presence of oxygen, it can release 2 more ATP plus several high energy electrons. Also called the Krebs cycle.
chemiosmosis the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, to produce ATP
ATP synthase the enzyme in the mitochondrial membranes through which ions diffuse, creating ATP
fermentation another name for anaerobic respiration, two types are lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation
Electron Transport Chain a series of reactions that pass electrons (like a bucket brigade) to a final electron acceptor (O2). Water is created, as well as 28-32 ATP.
 



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