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Unit 1 Vocabulary

AP Chem Unit 1 Vocabulary Words

TermDefinition
mole a very large quantity of very small particles, a quantity of 6.022 x 10^23 fundamental particles of a substance
molar mass the mass of one mole of a substance, found by determining the total atomic masses of all atoms in the substance and expressing the sum in grams
electron configuration a notation which shows which electron shells and sublevels electrons are located for a specific atom or ion
electron shell primary energy levels within an atom's electron cloud, the number of these in an atom is determined by the period number it is in on the periodic table
sublevel divisions with an electron shell reflecting different orbital shapes, the four main types are s, p, d, and f
valence electrons negatively-charged particles found in the outermost electron shell of an atom
Coulomb's Law a statement that two oppositely-charged particles have a greater attraction when they are closer to each other, and when the magnitude of their charges are greater
coulombic attraction the attraction that two oppositely-charged particles have for each other
molecular formula a representation for a compound which reflects the actual number of atoms of each element in the compound
empirical formula a representation for a compound which reflects the lowest whole number ratios of atoms of elements in that compound, always in 'lowest terms'
electronegativity a measure of how well an atom attracts electrons
photoelectron spectroscopy a graph reflecting the energy required to remove every successive electron in an atom, in which each peak represents a sublevel
atomic radius the distance from the nucleus to the outermost point of an atom
ionic radius the distance from the nucleus to the outermost point of a charged particle
effective nuclear charge an increasing number of protons across a period causes this to increase
ionization energy the energy required to remove the least tightly held electron in an atom
mass spectrum a graph showing the isotopes in an element, along with their percentage abundances
Created by: jeremykrug
 

 



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