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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| autotroph | organism that makes its own food |
| cellular respiration | process in which cells break down glucose and make ATP for energy |
| consumer | organism that consumes other organisms for food |
| energy | ability to work |
| food | organic molecules such as glucose that organisms use for chemical energy |
| gluclose | simple carbohydrate with the chemical formula C1H106 that is the nearly universal food for life |
| heterotroph | organism that gets food by consuming other organisms |
| photosynthesis | process of using the energy from sunlight to make food (gluclose) |
| producer | organism that produces food for itself and other organisms |
| Calvin cycle | second stage of photosynthesis in which carbon atoms from carbon dioxide are combined, using the energy in |
| chemosynthesis | process of using the energy in chemical compounds to make food |
| chlorophyll | green pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs sunlight in the light reactions of photosynthesis |
| lactic acid fermentation | type of anaerobic respiration that includes glycolysis followed by the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid and the formation of |
| electron transport chain | series of electron-transport molecules that pass high-energy electrons from molecule to molecule and capture their energy |
| grana | within the chloroplast, consists of sac-like membranes, known as tyylabkoid membranes |
| light reactions | first stage of photosynthesis in which light energy from the sun is captured and changed into chemical energy that is stored into ATP |
| photosytem | group of molecules, including chlorophyll, in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast that captures light energy |
| stroma | space outside the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast where the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis takes place |
| thykaloid membrane | membrane in the chloroplast where light reactions of photosynthesis occur |
| aeroboic respiration | type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen |
| anaerboic respiration | is a respiration using electron acceptors other than molecular oxygen. |