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biology – enzymes

TermDefinition
Enzyme A 3D-shaped protein that acts as a biological catalyst
Catalyst A substance that controls the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction
Substrate The molecule an enzyme acts on
Product The molecule formed by enzyme action
Selective catalyst The 3D shape of an enzyme and the 3D shape of a molecule must match for an enzyme to work properly
Enzyme specificity Each type of enzyme acts only on one substrate or class of substrates due to the unique shape of its active site
Complex A close interaction between two or more molecules
Activation energy The minimum amount of energy needed to overcome the energy barrier and to start a chemical reaction
Examples of catabolic reactions Respiration & Chemical digestion of starch and proteins
Examples of anabolic reactions Photosynthesis & Protein synthesis
What is an anabolic reaction? A metabolic reaction that uses energy to join small molecules to form larger molecules
What is a catabolic reaction? A metabolic reaction that releases energy by breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules
Osmosis Movement of water from a high concentration to a low concentration
Active transport Movement of particles against a gradient from a low concentration to a high concentration
Diffusion Movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Biofuel A renewable fuel made from plant, animal or microbial materials, including wastes
Optimal The best or most favourable condition for a specific biological process
Bioreactor A container in which a biochemical reaction takes place
Immobilised enzyme An enzyme that is held in a fixed position
Bioprocessing The use of living things or their parts to manufacture products or perform services
Lipid A diverse group of substances which include fats, oils, steroids and waxes
Denatured enzyme An enzyme that has lost its normal shape and ability to work properly
Examples of enzymes Amylase, lipase & protease
What is the function of the active site of an enzyme? To bind to a substrate and catalyze a specific chemical reaction
Created by: Martina Aidene
 

 



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