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Taxonomy and Systema

QuestionAnswer
How do you correctly write a scientific name? Genus species — italicized, Genus capitalized, species lowercase (e.g., Homo sapiens)
If two organisms share the same genus but not the same species, are they closely related? Yes, they are closely related because they share a recent common ancestor.
symplesiomorphy A shared ancestral trait found in all members of a group and their common ancestor.
What is a synapomorphy? A shared derived (new) trait unique to one clade of organisms.
Example of a symplesiomorphy among vertebrates? Having a backbone.
synapomorphy among mammals? Hair and mammary glands.
How can you tell if a trait is a synapomorphy? It’s found only in one specific clade, not in all related groups.
Do eukaryotic cells have a nucleus? Yes
Do prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles? No
Do both cell types have ribosomes? Yes — but prokaryotic ribosomes are smaller.
What does paraphyletic mean? A group that includes a common ancestor and some, but not all, descendants.
What does polyphyletic mean? A group made up of species from different ancestors — not a true clade.
Example of a paraphyletic group? “Reptiles,” because birds (their descendants) are excluded.
Monophyletic Ancestor + all descendants
Paraphyletic Ancestor + some descendants
Polyphyletic Unrelated groups, no common ancestor
Created by: sssb
 

 



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