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Funds 2 exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the nurse’s primary role in diagnostic testing? | To prepare, assist, educate, and support the patient before, during, and after tests, while ensuring safety and accurate documentation. |
| What are some nursing responsibilities before a diagnostic test? | Verify the provider’s order, obtain consent if required, ensure correct preparation (e.g., fasting or bowel prep), and assess for allergies such as iodine or contrast. |
| What should the nurse do during a diagnostic procedure? | Monitor patient tolerance, provide emotional support, maintain sterile technique, and assist the provider as needed. |
| What is the nurse’s role after a diagnostic test | Observe for complications, document results, notify the provider of abnormalities, and provide post-procedure instructions |
| What are the five main categories of diagnostic tests? | Laboratory tests, radiology and imaging, ultrasonography, endoscopic exams, and graphic recording tests |
| What is included in a complete blood count (CBC) | RBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, WBC count with differential, and platelet count. |
| What does a WBC differential measure? | The percentage of the five types of white blood cells — lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes |
| What are the major blood chemistry tests | Blood glucose, electrolytes, BUN creatinine, enzymes, total protein, and bilirubin. |
| What does BUN measure? | Blood urea nitrogen evaluates kidney function by measuring nitrogen waste in the blood. |
| What is serum creatinine used to assess? | It indicates kidney function and efficiency of filtration |
| What cardiac enzyme tests help diagnose a myocardial infarction (MI) | Troponin, myoglobin, and creatine kinase (CK) levels |
| What does BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) detect | It helps diagnose heart failure by measuring ventricular stretch and stress |
| What does glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) measure? | The average blood glucose level over 2–3 months |
| What are the main types of urine tests | Urinalysis and 24-hour urine collection for GFR or other studies. |
| What does a urinalysis assess? | Color, clarity, pH, specific gravity, glucose, protein, ketones, RBCs, WBCs, bacteria, and casts. |
| What imaging test requires screening for metal implants? | MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). |
| Why is metal a concern during MRI scans? | MRI uses high-powered magnets that can attract or heat metallic implants, causing injury. |
| What are common radiologic and imaging tests? | Chest x-ray, KUB (abdomen), MRI, CT scan, CTA/MRA, and ultrasound/echocardiogram. |
| What is a capsule endoscopy? | A procedure where the patient swallows a camera capsule that records images throughout the digestive tract. |
| What are other endoscopic exams? | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), colonoscopy, and FIT-DNA testing |
| What does an ECG (electrocardiogram) measure? | Electrical activity of the heart to detect dysrhythmias, injury, or malfunction |
| What is telemetry monitoring? | Continuous ECG monitoring of a patient’s heart rhythm over time |
| What is an EEG (electroencephalogram)? | A test that records electrical activity of the brain to detect abnormalities such as seizures |
| What are examples of invasive diagnostic procedures? | Lumbar puncture, thoracentesis, paracentesis, and bone marrow aspiration. |
| What nursing precautions are important after invasive procedures? | Monitor vital signs, watch for bleeding or infection, maintain aseptic dressing, and document findings |
| What assessments should be made before mealtime? | Check allergies, special diets, preferences, and cultural or ethnic needs. |
| What are important preparations before meals? | Reduce odors, ensure a comfortable environment, provide toileting, ensure cleanliness, and proper positioning. |
| How should intake be monitored | Assist with eating and record intake and output. |
| What causes a food allergy? | The immune system reacts to an allergen and develops antibodies. |
| What are the most common food allergies? | Peanuts, wheat, dairy products, and eggs. |
| What is a food intolerance? | An adverse reaction to food without immune system activation. |
| What are examples of diets modified by consistency? | Clear liquid, full liquid, mechanical soft, pureed. |
| What are examples of diets modified for disease? | Diabetic, calorie-restricted, sodium-restricted, fat-restricted, fiber-restricted, renal, high-protein. |
| What are diets modified by preference | Gluten-free and vegan. |
| What should nurse monitor? when it comes to eating | Diet type, percentage eaten, tolerance, nausea, vomiting, distention, bowel sounds, indigestion, or diarrhe |
| When should the diet be advanced? | When the patient tolerates the current diet without GI complications |
| Patients with difficulty chewing are likely placed on which diet? | Mechanical soft diet. Includes soft foods like scrambled eggs and cottage cheese; textures altered by cooking or blending |
| What must the nurse monitor for diabetic patients | Amount eaten, tolerance, and blood glucose. |
| What are signs of hyperglycemia | Thirst, dry mouth, flushed skin, headache, frequent urination, fruity breath, confusion, or coma. |
| What are signs of hypoglycemia | Clammy skin, shakiness, nausea, confusion, dizziness, headache, weakness, seizures |
| Who is more likely to develop an eating disorder? | Women. |
| What is anorexia nervosa? | Self-starvation leading to excessive leanness or emaciation |
| What is bulimia nervosa? | Binge eating followed by purging. |
| What is binge eating disorder? | Eating beyond fullness without purging |
| How can food–drug interactions affect the body? | They can alter appetite, absorption, metabolism, or excretion of nutrients |
| What are the two main types of nasal tubes | Nasogastric (shorter, into stomach) and Naso intestinal (longer, into duodenum). |
| What is a PEG tube? | Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, inserted directly into the stomach |
| What is a J-tube | Jejunostomy tube, inserted into the jejunum. |
| What are the two types of feeding methods | Intermittent (bolus) and continuous infusion. |
| What is bolus feeding? | Formula given at set intervals throughout the day (type of intermittent feeding). |
| What position should the patient be in during feeding? | Head of bed elevated at least 30°. |
| What should be assessed for PEG/J-tube patients | Placement, skin integrity, bowel sounds, abdomen, residual, intake/output, and weight |
| What are common tube-feeding complications | Nausea, diarrhea, clogged tubes, aspiration, metabolic issues, contamination. |
| What is parenteral nutrition | IV nutrition that includes amino acids, dextrose, fats, vitamins, and minerals. |
| What is the difference between PPN and TPN? | PPN is partial nutrition; TPN provides total nutritional needs |
| What labs and signs are monitored for nutritional status? | Daily weights, electrolytes, prealbumin, albumin, total protein, glucose |
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