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Exam 3
Chapters 11-13 for Pysch 101
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The decision to pay your taxes and hope that everyone else does likewise to achieve a common benefit is MOST closely related to the: | Prisoners Dilemma |
| Although members hold differing views, a faculty committee quickly agrees on a new academic policy rather than debating it and possibly upsetting colleagues. This is an example of: | Groupthink |
| Tomas puts much less effort into group projects than individual projects, illustrating the phenomenon of: | Social Loafing |
| Andrea won the Miss Illinois beauty pageant the year she graduated from college. Knowing only this, the amount of money she will earn over the course of her adult lifetime is MOST likely to be _____ that of her peers. | More than |
| Bob is prejudiced against LGBTQ people. His best friend, Walter, is gay, but Bob says, "But he's different from the others." This rationalization is an illustration of: | Subtyping |
| Systems of rewards and punishment can backfire because: | People don't want to feel coerced |
| Print ads for cars are more likely to present a lot of facts about the car, whereas print ads for clothing typically show an attractive model. The clothing manufacturers are relying on _____ persuasion. | Heuristic |
| The foot-in-the-door technique works because of: | Our desire for consistency |
| The fatty sheath around the axons of a neuron is referred to as: | Myelin |
| Morality is determined primarily by the extent to which it conforms to social rules in the _____ state of moral development. | Conventional |
| Which cognitive ability declines the LEAST as we age? | Semantic memory |
| Marriage tends to _____ happiness, and having children tends to _____ marital satisfaction. | Increase, decrease |
| _____ is a person's characteristic style of behaving, thinking, and feeling. | Personality |
| A _____ can be described as a relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way | Trait |
| The Big Five Factor Model does NOT include: | Anxiousness |
| According to Freud, the _____ is present at birth and is the source of bodily needs, wants, and desires. | id |
| According to the social–cognitive approach, dimensions people use in making sense of their experiences are called: | Personal constructs |
| Kim, a senior in college, plans to be a doctor and has planned her next 8 years of study in great detail. She firmly believes that she can make her dream a reality through commitment and hard work. It is likely that Kim has a(n): | Internal locus of control. |
| People with _____ are MOST likely to develop eating disorders. | Low self-esteem |
| Which trait involves holding a grandiose view of the self, combined with a tendency to seek admiration from and exploit others? | Narcissism |
| Which of the following statements best describes the concept of group polarization in social psychology? | Groups tend to make decisions that are more extreme than an individual would on their own |
| The process by which evolution selects individuals who cooperate with their relatives is called ____. | Kin selection |
| Which of the following behaviors is considered proactive aggression? | Students attribute their tardiness to traffic but blame others on laziness |
| What term describes the ability to change or direct another person’s behavior? | Social Influence |
| What effect occurs when external rewards reduce intrinsic motivation? | Over justification effect |
| What is the discomfort people feel when they believe their freedom is being restricted? | Coercion reactance |
| What do we call shared cultural expectations for behavior? | Customary norms |
| What type of influence occurs when we conform to be liked or accepted? | Normative influence |
| What technique starts with a small request to increase compliance with a larger one? | Foot-in-the-door |
| What technique starts with a large request to increase compliance with a smaller one? | Door-in-the-face |
| What kind of persuasion appeals to logic and evidence? | Systematic persuasion |
| What kind of persuasion relies on emotion or mental shortcuts? | Heuristic persuasion |
| What stage begins at conception and ends at birth? | Prenatal Stage |
| What stage involves rapid cell division and movement to the uterus? | Germinal stage |
| What stage involves cell differentiation from week 2 to 8? | Embryonic stage |
| What stage involves axon growth and myelination? | Fetal stage |
| What term describes the womb’s impact on development? | Prenatal environment |
| What is a substance that harms fetal development? | Teratogen exposure |
| What disorder results from heavy alcohol use during pregnancy? | Fetal syndrome |
| What stage lasts from birth to about 24 months? | Infancy stage |
| What term describes reduced response to repeated stimuli? | Stimulus habituation |
| What term describes the ability to perform physical actions? | Motor Development |
| What rule describes development from head to feet? | Cephalocaudal rule |
| What rule describes development from center outward? | Proximodistal rule |
| What is the process of learning to think and understand? | Cognitive Development |
| What is applying existing schemas to new situations? | Schema assimilation |
| What is revising schemas with new information? | Schema accommodation |
| What is the failure to recognize others’ perspectives? | Childhood Egotism |
| What are patterns of response to caregiver presence? | Attachment styles |
| What style shows comfort and trust in caregiver? | Secure attachment |
| What style shows distress and negative reunion response? | Ambivalent attachment |
| What style shows indifference to caregiver presence? | Avoidant attachment |
| What style shows inconsistent responses to caregiver? | Disorganized attachment |
| What term describes genetic contribution to personality traits? | Heritability estimate |
| What is the widely used personality questionnaire for psychological issues? | MMPI inventory |
| What test reveals personality through ambiguous stimuli? | Projective test |
| What test uses inkblots to uncover inner thoughts? | Rorschach test |
| What test uses story-making to reveal motives? | Thematic apperception |
| What model includes five major personality traits? | The Big Five |
| Which trait reflects creativity and curiosity? | Openness experience |
| Which trait reflects organization and discipline? | Conscientiousness trait |
| Which trait reflects sociability and energy? | Extraversion trait |
| Which trait reflects kindness and cooperation? | Agreeableness trait |
| Which trait reflects emotional instability? | Neuroticism trait |
| What system reflects primal drives and desires? | The id |
| What system internalizes cultural rules? | Superego |
| What system manages reality and demands? | The ego |
| What defense involves adopting traits of others? | Identification defense |
| What defense channels impulses into acceptable outlets? | Sublimation defense |
| What approach emphasizes growth and positivity? | Humanistic approach |
| What approach emphasizes freedom and responsibility? | Existential approach |
| What is the drive to fulfill one’s potential? | Self-actualization tendency |
| What state involves deep engagement and loss of time? | Flow state |
| What describes perceived control over life events? | Locus control |
| What is a person’s understanding of their traits and behaviors? | Self-control |
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