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Muscular System Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percentage of the human body is made up of muscle | 50 percent |
| Name three types of muscle | smooth, cardiac, skeletal |
| what is another name for muscle cells | fibers |
| immature muscles are called: myoblasts or myocytes | myoblasts |
| mature muscle cells are | myocytes |
| name 5 functions of muscles | movement, posture maintainance, joint stability, heat protection, and regulation of openings |
| what is the name of muscles arranged in a circle to regulate the opening and closing | spincter |
| muscles ____, pull on ______, and move _____ | contract, bones, body parts |
| most skeletal muscles are attached to 2 different bones across a | joint |
| the one bone that remains stationary when skeletal muscles contract is called | origin |
| the other bone that is pulled towards the stationary muscle contract is called | insertion |
| when the biceps brachii muscle contract to flex the arm, the triceps brachi _____ to ______ the arm | relax, extend |
| what is the name of the muscle that opposes the prime mover | antagonizer |
| Name three main muscles used for intramuscular injections | deltoid, vastus lateralis, gluteus medius |
| Name some characteristics that are used to name skeltal muscle | location, size, direction, shape, # of origins/insertions, location of origin/insertion, action |
| how many muscles make up the quadriceps | 4 |
| are the quadriceps mucles on the front or back of the thigh | front |
| how many muscles make up the hamstrings | 3 |
| are the hamstrings muscles on the front or back of the thigh | back |
| make up walls of heart: cardiac, smooth, skeletal | cardiac |
| make up the walls of hallow visceral organs: smoth,cardiac, skeletal | smooth |
| are attached to bones: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal |
| are long and cylindrical: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal |
| are multi nucleiated: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal & cardiac |
| are voluntary: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal |
| are involuntary: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | cardiac |
| are striated: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | cardiac & skeletal |
| are the largest cell: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal |
| are tapered cells: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | smooth |
| have one central nucleus: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | smooth |
| lose the ability to divide, do not increase in number smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal & cardiac |
| keep the ability to divide: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | smooth |
| undergo hyperplasia: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | smooth |
| undergo hypertrophy: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | cardiac & skeletal |
| are cylindrical and branched: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | cardiac |
| contract rapidly but tire easily and must rest between contractions: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | skeletal |
| have tremendous power and are remarkably adaptable: skeletal, smooth, cardiac | skeletal |
| contract at a steady rate: speeds up and slows down by nerves: cardiac, smooth, skeletal | cardiac |
| contract slowly for long periods: smooth, cardiac, skeletal | smoth |
| arrange the following from largest to smallest: fascicle, myofilament, myofibril, fiber, organ | organ, fasicle, fiber, myofibril, myofilament |
| a muscle organ has connective tissue covering it that is called: epimysium, endomysium, perimysium | epimysium |
| each fasicle has connective tissue covering it is called: epimysium, endomysium, perimysium | perimysium |
| each muscle fiber has connective tissue covering it that is called: endomysium | |
| bundles of muscle fibers are called | fascicles |
| which myofilament is shaped like a golf-club and is the puller during contractions: myosin, actin | myosin |
| which myofilament resembles two strans of pearls twisted togetether, has active sites | actin |
| what makes up the jacket that covers the actin active sites: | troponin-tropomyosin |
| what removes the troponin-tropomyosin jacket from the actin active sites | calcium |
| what is the name of the connective tissue that connects muscle to bone: tendons, aponeurosis, ligament | tendons |
| what is the name of the connective tissue that connects muscle to muscle: tendons, aponeurosis, ligament | aponeurosis |
| what is the name of the connective tissue that connects bone to bone: tendons, aponeurosis, ligament | ligament |
| what is the name of the connective tissue that binds muscle into groups and connects muscle to the hypodermis | deep fascia |
| what is the name of the muscle cells membrane: sarcolemma, sarcoplasm | sarcolemma |
| what is the name of the muscle cell cytoplasm: sarcolemma, sarcoplasm | sarcoplasm |
| what does the muscle cells have in abundance | mitochondria, myoglobin, glycogen |
| what is the name of the red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle | myoglobin |
| what is the name of the endoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells | sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| what is the name of the sac-like regions of the SR that store calcium | terminal cisternae |
| what is needed to unattach the myosin from the actin | energy |
| what tells the skeletal muscle cell to contract | a nerve cell |
| what is the end of the motor neuron | axon terminal |
| does the nerve cell touch the muscle cell | no |
| what is the name of the indentations of the sarcolemma that extends into the cell | T-tubules |
| one t-tubulue and the 2 terminal cisternae on either sides makes up a | triad |
| the repeating functional contracting unit of a muscle cell is called a | sarcomere |
| the dark area of the sarcomere: A-band, I-band | A-band |
| the light area of the sarcomere A-band, I-band | I-band |
| the center of the A-band with only myosin is called the: A-zone, M-zone, H-zone | H-zone |
| which type of muscle fibers are thin, dark red, have lots of myoglobin, are abundant in marathon runners: slow twitch, fast twitch, intermediate twitch | slow twitch |
| which type of muscle fibers contract quickly, make ATP using aerobic respiration and are abundant in sprinters: intermediate twitch | intermediate twitch |
| which type of muscle fibers are lighter in color, have low amounts of myoglobin, contract quickly and powerfully, make ATP using anaerobic glycolysis? | fast twitch |
| what is the name of the huge protein that anchors the sarcolemms to the actin: duchene muscular dystrophy, dystrophin | dystrophin |
| what is the name of the disease the causes muscle tissue to decrease and the connective tissue to increase: duchene muscular dystrophy, dystrophin | duchene muscular dystrophy |
| which type of muscle fibers are thin, dark red, have lots of myoglobin, are abundant in marathon runners: slow twitch, fast twitch, intermediate twitch | slow twitch |
| which type of muscle fibers contract quickly, make ATP using aerobic respiration and are abundant in sprinters: intermediate twitch | intermediate twitch |
| what is the name of the model for skeletal muscle contraction: sliding filament, contact filament, gliding filament | sliding filament |
| which type of muscle fibers are lighter in color, have low amounts of myoglobin, contract quickly and powerfully, make ATP using anaerobic glycolysis? | fast twitch |
| during muscle contraction do the myofilaments shorten & explain: | no they slide over each other |
| what is the name of the huge protein that anchors the sarcolemms to the actin: duchene muscular dystrophy, dystrophin | dystrophin |
| do zlines move in or out? | in |
| what is the name of the disease the causes muscle tissue to decrease and the connective tissue to increase: duchene muscular dystrophy, dystrophin | duchene muscular dystrophy |
| what supplies the energy for muscle contraction? ATP, ACh | ATP |
| what is the name of the model for skeletal muscle contraction: sliding filament, contact filament, gliding filament | sliding filament |
| what forms when the myosin attaches to the actin? energy, cross-bridge | cross bridge |
| during muscle contraction do the myofilaments shorten & explain: | no they slide over each other |
| what is needed to unattach the myosin from the actin? energy, cross-bridge | energy |
| do zlines move in or out? | in |
| what tells the skeletal muscle to cell to contract? a nerve cell, a skeletal cell, or a muscle cell | a nerve cell |
| what supplies the energy for muscle contraction? ATP, ACh | ATP |
| what is the end of the motor neuron (nerve cell) called? axon (axon terminal), muscle terminal, nerve terminal | axon (axon terminal), |
| what forms when the myosin attaches to the actin? energy, cross-bridge | cross bridge |
| does the nerve cell touch the muscle cell? yes or no | no |
| what is needed to unattach the myosin from the actin? energy, cross-bridge | energy |
| what tells the skeletal muscle to cell to contract? a nerve cell, a skeletal cell, or a muscle cell | a nerve cell |
| what is the end of the motor neuron (nerve cell) called? axon (axon terminal), muscle terminal, nerve terminal | axon (axon terminal), |
| does the nerve cell touch the muscle cell? yes or no | no |
| what is the gap between the nerve cell and muscle cell called? | |
| which type of muscle fibers are thin, dark red, have lots of myoglobin, are abundant in marathon runners: slow twitch, fast twitch, intermediate twitch | slow twitch |
| which type of muscle fibers contract quickly, make ATP using aerobic respiration and are abundant in sprinters: intermediate twitch | intermediate twitch |
| which type of muscle fibers are lighter in color, have low amounts of myoglobin, contract quickly and powerfully, make ATP using anaerobic glycolysis? | fast twitch |
| what is the name of the huge protein that anchors the sarcolemms to the actin: duchene muscular dystrophy, dystrophin | dystrophin |
| what is the name of the disease the causes muscle tissue to decrease and the connective tissue to increase: duchene muscular dystrophy, dystrophin | duchene muscular dystrophy |
| what is the name of the model for skeletal muscle contraction: sliding filament, contact filament, gliding filament | sliding filament |
| during muscle contraction do the myofilaments shorten & explain: | no they slide over each other |
| do zlines move in or out? | in |
| what supplies the energy for muscle contraction? ATP, ACh | ATP |
| what forms when the myosin attaches to the actin? energy, cross-bridge | cross bridge |
| what is needed to unattach the myosin from the actin? energy, cross-bridge | energy |
| what tells the skeletal muscle to cell to contract? a nerve cell, a skeletal cell, or a muscle cell | a nerve cell |
| what is the end of the motor neuron (nerve cell) called? axon (axon terminal), muscle terminal, nerve terminal | axon (axon terminal), |
| does the nerve cell touch the muscle cell? yes or no | no |
| what is the gap between the nerve cell and muscle cell called? synapse (cleft), muscle cleft | synapse (cleft) |
| what is the area called when the nerve cell approaches the muscle cell? Neuromuscular junction, nerve cell junction | neuromuscular junction |
| what is the name of the neurotransmitter that carries the nerve message across the synaptic cleft to the muscle cell? ACh ATP | ACh |
| what occuses when the muscle cell is out of energy or calcium? fatigue, hyper | fatigue |
| what develops when a person dies and muscle cells cannot produce enough energy? rigot mortis, fatigue | rigot mortis |
| muscles that are healthy and ready to response are said to have a muscle _____: vibration or tone | tone |
| the response of a motor unit to a single action potential is called a muscle ______: spasm or twitch | twitch |
| when muscle twitches occus suddenly and involuntarily in smooth or skeletal muscle, they are called: spasms or twitches | spasms |
| spasms in the eyelid or facial muscles are reffered to as: tic, eye twitch | tic |
| A prolonged contraction in which the muscle fiber cannot relax because there is not enough ATP to detach the cross bridges and often occur during the night or during exercise is called: spasm or cramp | cramp |
| What is the name of the autoimmune disease characterized by drooping upper eyelids, difficulty swallowing and talking, generalized muscle weakness, and a shortage of ACh receptors? myasthenia gravis or myaligia | myasthenia gravis |
| muscle pain is called: myaligia or myasthenia gravis | myalgia |
| Chronic inflammation of a muscle and its connective tissue is called: fibromalgia or myalgia | fibromalgia |
| A muscle that is in the wrong location due to obesity or heavy lifting is a: hernia or strain | hernia |
| A “pulled muscle” from excessive stretching, tearing, or overuse is a: hernia or strain | strain |
| What is the recommended treatment for a pulled muscle? (abbreviation) | RICE stands for rest, ice, compress, and elevate. |
| A muscle contusion (tearing of a muscle with bleeding & pain) of the thigh is called a: Charley horse, shin splint | Charley horse |
| Irritation of the tibialis anterior muscle following unusual or extreme exercise resulting in swelling and pain is called a: shin splint or Charley horse | shin splint |
| Tenderness due to trauma or overuse of the tendon of origin of the forearm extensor muscles at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus is called: muscle spasm or tennis elbow | tennis elbow |
Created by:
spklol