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3131L (MIDTERM)
nitrates,phosphate, ammonia, and sulfate
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Buffer solution A | 30 g magnesium chloride 5 g sodium acetate 1.0 g potassium nitrate 20 mL acetic acid |
| Buffer solution B | 30g MgCl2*6H2O 5g CH3COONa*3H2O 1.0g KNO3 0.111g sodium sulfate 20 mL acetic acid |
| required when the sample SO4-2 con centration is less than 10 mg/L | Buffer solution B |
| Sulfates occur naturally in numerous minerals including _____, _____, and _____ | barite (BaSO4) epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) |
| is used as a sedimentation agent in the treatment of drinking-water | Aluminum sulfate (alum) |
| used for the control of algae in raw and public water supplies | Copper sulfate |
| based on health considerations and are designed to protect people from three classes of toxic pollutants -- pathogens, radioactive elements and toxic chemicals | Primary Standards |
| are based on taste, odor, color, corrosivity, foaming and staining properties of water | Secondary Standards |
| The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for drinking water fall into two categories | Primary Standards and Secondary Standards |
| _____ is classified under the secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL) standards | Sulfate |
| The SMCL for sulfate in drinking water is _____ (mg/L), sometimes expressed as ______ (ppm) | 250 milligrams per liter 250 parts per million |
| measuring sulfate is based upon the fact that barium sulfate tends to precipitate in a colloidal form and that this tendency is enhanced in presence of a sodium chloride—hydrochloric acid solution containing glycerol and other organic compounds | turbidimetric method of measuring sulfate |
| The absorbance of the barium sulfate solution is measured by a _____ or _____ and the sulfate ion concentration, determined by comparison of the reading with a standard curve | nephelometer or turbidimeter |
| applied to agricultural or residential cultivated land as fertilizers are carried into surface waters with storm runoff and to a lesser extent with melting snow | Orthophosphates |
| are used extensively in the treatment of boiler waters | Phosphates |
| are formed primarily by biological processes. They are contributed to sewage by body wastes and food residues, and also may be formed from orthophosphates in biological treatment processes or by receiving water biota. | Organic phosphates |
| is essential to the growth of organisms and can be the nutrient that limits the primary productivity of a body of water | Phosphorus |
| also occur in bottom sediments and in biological sludges, both as precipitated inorganic forms and incorporated into organic compounds | Phosphates |
| react in acid medium with orthophosphate to form a heteropoly acid—phosphomolybdic acid—that is reduced to intensely colored molybdenum blue by ascorbic acid | Ammonium molybdate and potassium antimonyl tartrate |
| Arsenates react with the molybdate reagent to produce a ____ color similar to that formed with phosphate | blue |
| Concentrations as low as _____L interfere with the phosphate determination | 0.1 mg As/ |
| _____ and _____ interfere to give results about 3% low at concentrations of 1 mg/L and 10 to 15% low at 10 mg/L | Hexavalent chromium and NO2 |
| _____ and _____ do not interfere at concentrations of 1.0 and 10 mg/L | Sulfide (Na2S) and silicate |
| Colorimetric equipment with infrared phototube for use at 880 nm, providing a light path of 2.5 cm or longer | Spectrophotometer |
| Colorimetric equipment equipped with a red color filter and a light path of 0.5 cm or longer | Filter photometer |
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