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Unit 3 Test LCCC
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Marbury v. Madison | Supreme Court Decision of 1803 that created the precedent of judicial review by ruling as unconstitutional part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 |
| Fletcher v. Peck | Supreme Court decision of 1816 with extensive regulatory powers over currency and credit |
| Dartmouth College v. Woodard | Supreme Court decision of 1819 that prohibited States from interfering with the privileges granted to a private corporation |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Supreme Court decision of 1819 that upheld the constitutional authority of Congress to charter a national bank and thereby to regulate the nation's currency and finances |
| American System | the program of government subsidies favored by Henry Clay and his followers to promote American economic growth and protect domestic manufacturers from foreign competiton |
| Second Bank of the United States | A national bank chartered by Congress in 1816 with extensive regulatory powers over currency and credit |
| Impressment | The coercion of American sailors into the British navy |
| Chesapeake Incident | Attack in 1807 by the British ship Leopard on the American ship Chesapeake in American territorial waters |
| Embargo Act of 1807 | Act passed by Congress in 1807 prohibiting American ships from leaving for any foreign port |
| Era of Good Feelings | The period from 1817 to 1823 in which the disappearance of the Federalists enabled the Republicans to govern in a spirit of seemingly nonpartisan harmony |
| Missouri Compromise | Sectional Compromise in Congress in 1820 that admitted Missouri to the union as a slave state and Maine as a free state and prohibited slavery in the northern Louisiana Purchase territory |
| Monroe Doctrine | In December 1823, Monroe declared to Congress that the Americans "are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European power" |
| Revolution in Haiti (Saint-Dominique) and impact on France | France defeated in Haiti; Impact: France no longer wanted to be part of the west |
| War of 1812/ Battle of New Orleans/ Famous Generals | Republicans led the nation into a war that it was unprepared to fight. Andrew Jackson (hero of New Orleans). Battle of New Orleans between British and U.S. Forces. |
| "Era of Good Feelings" | Political harmony and sectional unity in the public in postwar years (End of war of 1812-1824) (ends about the beginning of Adams presidency) |
| "Corrupt Bargain" of 1824 | Henry Clay used his influence as speaker of the house to line up support for Adams, wanted to undercut Jackson. Adams won |
| Second Great Awakening | Series of religious revivals in the first half of the nineteenth century characterized by great emotionalism in large public meetings |
| Democratic Party | Political party formed in the 1820s under the leadership of Andrew Jackson; favored states' rights and a limited role for the federal government especially in economic affairs |
| Albany Regency | Popular name after 1820 for the state political machine in New York headed by Martin Van Buren |
| Spoils system | the awarding of government jobs to party loyalists |
| Indian Removal Act | Legislation passed by Congress in 1830 that provided funds for removing and resetting eastern Indians in the West. It granted the president the authority to use force if necessary |
| Trail of Tears | The forced March in 1838 of the Cherokee Indians from their homelands in Georgia to the Indian Territory in the West; thousands of Cherokees died along the way |
| Black Hawk's War | Short 1832 war in which federal troops and Illinois militia units defeated the Sauk and Fox Indians led by Black Hawk |
| Nullification crisis | Sectional crisis in the early 1830s in which a states' rights party in South Carolina attempted to nullify federal law |
| Bank War | The political struggle between President Andrew Jackson and the supporters of the Second Bank of the United States |
| abolitionist movement | A radical antislavery crusade committed to the immediate end of slavery that emerged in the three decades before the Civil War |
| Whig Party | Political party formed in the mid-1830s in opposition to the Jacksonian Democrats that favored a strong role for the national government in promoting economic growth |
| Specie Circular | Proclamation issued by President Andrew Jackson in 1836 stipulating that only gold or silver could be used as payment for public land |
| Independent Treasury System | Fiscal arrangement first instituted by President Martin Van Buren in which the federal government kept its money in regional vaults and transacted its business entirely in hard money |
| Gag rule | Procedural rule passed in the House of Representatives that prevented discussion of antislavery petitions from 1836 to 1844 |
| Second party system | The national two-party competition between Democrats and Whigs from the 1830s through the early 1850s |
| Anti-Masons | Third party formed in 1827 in opposition to the presumed power and influence of the Masonic order |
| Webster-Ashburton Treatly | Treaty signed by the United States and Britain in 1842 that settled a boundary dispute between Maine and Canada and provided for closer cooperation in suppressing the African slave trade |
| Suffrage in 1820s | Indivisual states, not the federal gov. defined who could vote. Most states, "white men who owned property" then later "all white men" no women or blacks |
| Origins of the Democratic Party | From the Jacksonian Democrats |
| Origins of the Whigs | Anti-Jacksonians called themselves Whigs, a name associated with 18th century American British opponents of Monarchial tyranny. Stuck because Jackson was seen as King Andrew . Born in the congressional reaction to Jackson's Bank veto |
| Who was the first president to die in office? | William Henry Harrison |
| How did he die | Complications of pneumonia |
| Who became president next? | John Tyler |
| Why was this a problem for the Whigs and what happened to the new president | Tyler didn't share the same core views as the Whigs. He crushed them. He was expelled from the Whig Party, making him the first president without a party |
| Slave code | A series of laws passed mainly in the southern colonies in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries to defend the status of slaves and codify the denial of basic civil rights to them |
| Gang system | The organization and supervision of slave field hands into working teams on southern plantations |
| Gabriel Prosser's Rebellion | Slave revolt that failed when Gabriel Prosser, a slave preacher and blacksmith, organized a thousand slaves for an attack on Richmond, Virginia, in 1800. |
| Denmark Vesey's Conspiracy | The most carefully devised slave revolt in which rebels planned to seize control of Charleston in 1822 and escape to freedom in Haiti, a free black republic, but they were betrayed by other slaves, and 35 conspirators were executed |
| Nat Turner's Rebellion | Uprising of slaves of slaves led by Nat Turner in Southampton County, Virginia, in the summer of 1831 that resulted in the death of up to 60 white people |
| Underground Railroad | Support System set up by antislavery groups in the upper South and the North to assist fugitive slaves in escaping the South |
| Black Codes | Laws passed by states and municipalities denying many rights of citizenship to free and black people before the civil War. |
| Average life expectancy of a slave | 21-22 years |
| Underground Railroad | A secret network of stations and safe houses organized by Quakers and other black and white anti-slavery activists |
| Effectiveness of the Underground Railroad | Only 1,000 a year permanently escaped of 3 million |
| Supporters or the Underground Railroad | Quakers, free black and anti-slavery whites |
| Transportation revolution | Dramatic improvements in transportation that stimulated economic growth after 1815 by expanding the range of travel and reducing the time and cost of moving goods and people |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | Supreme Court decision of 1824 involving coastal commerce that overturned a steamboat monopoly granted by the state of New York on the grounds that only Congress had the authority to regulate interstate commerce |
| Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge | Supreme Court decision of 1837 that promised economic competition by ruling that the broader rights of the community took precedence over any presumed right of monopoly granted in a corporate charter |
| Putting-out system | System of manufacturing in which merchants furnished households with raw materials for processing by family members |
| Rhode Island system | During the industrialization of the early nineteenth century, the recruitment of entire families for employment in a factory |
| Waltham system | During the industrialization of the early nineteenth century, the recruitment of unmarried young women for employment in factories |
| American system of manufacturing | A technique of production pioneered in the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century that relied on precision manufacturing with the use of interchangeable parts |
| Temperance | Reform movement originating in the 1820s that sought to eliminate the consumption of alcohol |
| Cult of domesticity | The belief that women, by virtue of their sex, should stay home as the moral guardians of family life |
| Nativist | Favoring the interests and culture of native-born inhabitants over those immigrants |
| benevolent empire | Network of reform associations affiliated with Protestant churches in the early nineteenth century dedicated to the restoration of moral order |
| Sabbatarian movement | Reform organization founded in 1828 by Congregationalist and Presbyterian ministers that lobbied for an end to the delivery of mail on Sundays and other Sabbath violations |
| American Temperance Society | National organization established in 1826 by evangelical Protestants that campaigned for total abstinence from alcohol and was successful in sharply lowering per capita consumption of alcohol |
| American Female Moral Reform Society | Organization founded in 1839 by female reformers that established homes of refuge of prostitutes and petitioned for state laws that would criminalize adultery and the seduction of women |
| Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church) | Church founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith and based on the revelations in a sacred book he called the Book of Mormon |
| Workingmen's movement | Associations of urban workers who began campaigning in the 1820s for free public education and a 10-hour workday. |
| Shakers | the follower of Mother Ann Lee, who preached a religion of strict celibacy and communal living |
| Communism | A social structure based on the common ownership of property |
| Oneida Community | Utopian community established in upstate New York in 1848 by John Humphrey Noyes and his followers |
| New Harmony | Short-lived Utopian community established in Indiana in 1825, based on the socialist ideas of Robert Owen, a wealthy Scottish manufacturer |
| Socialism | A social order based on government ownership of industry and worker control over corporations as a way to prevent worker exploitation |
| Brook Farm | A utopian community and experimental farm established in 1841 near Boston |
| Transcendentalism | A philosophical and literary movement centered on an idealistic belief in the divinity of individuals and nature |
| American Colonization Society | Organization, founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers, that called for gradual emancipation and the removal of freedom blacks to Africa |
| Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World | An abolitionist tract by a free black calling on the enslaved to overthrow their bondage |
| American Anti-Slavery Society | The first national organization of abolitionists, founded in 1833 |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The first convention for women's equality in legal rights, held in upstate New York in 1848 |
| Declaration of Sentiments | The resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 calling for full female equality, including the right to vote |
| Liberty Party | The first antislavery political party, formed in 1840 |
| Slave Power | A key concept in abolitionist and northern antislavery propaganda that depicted southern slaveholders as the driving force in a political conspiracy to promote slavery at the expense of white liberties |
Created by:
elenger