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Dosage Forms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| troche/lozenge | solid, candy-like discs that stays in the mouth as it dissolves - keeps med in close contact with mouth |
| enteric coated tablet | dissolves in intestines - contains protective layer to protect against stomach acid - active ingredients could be neutralized by stomach acid |
| tincture | alcoholic solution w/plant extracts |
| paste | stiff ointment that doesn't melt @ body temperature - usually 20% solid |
| solution | an active ingredient is dissolved in a liquid vehicle |
| syrup | thick, sugary solutions |
| film | oral medication strips that dissolve rapidly on or under the tongue |
| sublingual tablet | placed under tongue - active ingredient dissolves directly in blood stream |
| emulsion | liquid mixture of 2 unblendable liquids (water/oil) Aux Label = "Shake Well" |
| capsule | Hard Shell - filled w/powder or granules - classified by size - tamper resitant - quicker onset compared to tablets Soft Shell - filled w/liquid - one piece - not classified by size |
| cream | combo of water & oil but w/more water than oil - less greasy, absorb readily & wash off easily |
| scored tablet | tablet meant to be cut in half |
| enema | use of fluid into the rectum to evacuate the bowels |
| chewing gum | drug is delivered through the mucous membranes in the mouth |
| reconstituted suspension | a liquid in which the active ingredient is a solid particle that is mixed but undissolved - Aux Label "Shake Well" |
| intravenous | medication delivered through the veins - IVs |
| aerosols | require an inhaler device to deliver meds via gaseous pressure - hairspray |
| ophthalmic drop | sterile eye drops - can be used for the ears |
| collodion | liquid skin - Forms protective barrier on skin |
| transdermal patch | adhesive that delivers medication to the bloodstream after application to the skin - DO NOT CUT Advantages - quick onset of action, controlled release through the skin |
| implant | devices for insertion under the skin - slow release of med |
| orally disintegrating tablet | fast-dissolving, rapidly discintegrating on the tongue - Zofran |
| suppository | melt after intertion into the rectum, vagina, or uretha some are systematically absorbed, some have local effects practical alternatives for babies and ppl w/vomiting |
| powder | uniform particles that contain medication - can be applied externally/topically to absorb moisture |
| tablet | solid dosage form - contains 1+ active ingredients - "Pills" (outdated) - vary in shape/size/weight/inactive ingredients |
| gel | consistency - thick, viscous leaves no residue - patient preferred |
| liniment | mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solutions of soap, or emulsons for skin - local relief of irritation/sore muscles - some have heat-production effects |
| nasal spray | requires pump dispenser - used for instilling med in nose |
| chewable tablet | designed to be chewed not swallowed - faster onset |
| intramuscular | bypasses GI tract - administered into muscle directly into blood |
| otic drop | used for bacterial infections in ear |
| spirit | alcoholic solution that contains aromatic ingredients like peppermint |
| suspension | a liquid in which the active ingredient is a solid particle that is mixed but undissolved Aux Label = "Shake Well" |
| buccal tablet | placed between cheek and gums - active ingredient dissolves directly into blood stream, doesn't enter GI tract |
| lotion | consistency - thinner than cream, contains more water spreads thinly, especially to the scalp - MANY MEDICATED SHAMPOOS ARE ACTUALLY LOTIONS |
| ointment | consistency - medication in oily base, "greasy" - 20% water, 80% oil - greasy & hard to wash off - lubricates and protects skin can be used as emollients (type of ointment that protects surface of skin from air/water evaporation, keeping skin moist) |
| vaginal tablet | placed in the vagina - used for vaginal inflammation |
| inhalent | contain a fine powder that an inhaler device deliver through nose/mouth - generally for athsma |
| elixir | A sweetened, flavored solution w/an alcohol base |
| effervescent tablet | mixture of acid, sodium bicarbonate, and active ingredients - bubbling from CO2 - tablet that patient drops in water then drinks |
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