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4 - CF in learning

TermDefinition
Learn (emotion and condition response) Influenced by context, expectation and surprise
Extinction is not erasure New learning that competes with (does NOT delete) the old learning
Rescorla Wagner Model How we learn by surprise
RW Model Prediction Error The difference between expected and actual outcome
Learning happens Outcomes are unexpected
Associative Strength AV Changes MORE when surprise is HIGH
Extinction Occurs when expected outcome doesn't happen (Negative Prediction Error)
You expect food after a tone, but food doesn't come -> You revise your expectation Extinction DOES NOT EQUAL Forgetting
Extinction is the new learning that inhibits the old association Context specific and fragile Often reversible under certain conditions
Fear of dogs example Classical Conditioning Bitten By Dog US -> Fear UR, now dog (CS) = Fear (CR)
Extinction: See dogs repeatedly in safe contexts = Fear fades But fear may return in certain contexts
Mechanisms of relapse (Returns of Conditioned Responses) Reinstatement Renewal Spontaneous Recovery Rapid reacquisition Resurgence
Reinstatement Response returns after US is reintroduced After Therapy, Fear returns after hearing about dog attack
Renewal Response returns in a new context Fear gone in clinic, comes back in park
Spontaneous Recovery Response returns after time has passed Fear resurfaces months later
Rapid Reacquisition Faster re-learning after extinction Fear returns quickly when CS-US paired again
Resurgence Old response returns after alternative behaviour is extinguished Person stops relaxation techniques -> fear returns
Context Matters - Extinction, Acquisition Extinction - Highly context specific - wont generalise easily Acquisition - More likely to generalise across contexts
Clinical implication Exposure therapy should take place in multiple contexts to reduce relapse
Extinction in Operant Conditioning Similar principles apply as in classical conditioning Extinction: Removal of Reinforcement
Extinction leads to Extinction burst (temporary spike in behaviour) Relapse via reinstatement, renewal etc Cue induced relapse (if cues associated with reinforcer remain)
Extinction isn't just about stopping reinforcement It's about Retraining expectations
Advanced Theories of Extinction Inhibitory learning Contextual Ambiguity Occasion Setting Contingency degradation
Inhibitory learning New association (cs= no us) forms. Suppresses old one
Contextual ambiguity Meaning of CS changes depending on context
Occasion setting Context helps determine what CS means (tone = shock only in specific setting)
Contingency degradation CS now signals absence of US
Extinction in clinical contexts Anxiety/Phobia Substance use/gambling disorders Disruptive behaviours
Anxiety/Phobia Exposure therapy = extinction of fear responses
Substance use/Gambling disorders Break associations between cues and drug/reward
Disruptive behaviours Remove reinforcers (attention, escape) to reduce behaviour
Challenges Multiple reinforcers? What is actually being extinguished? Risk of relapse (need to address cues, contexts)
Consolidation and Reconsolidation Consolidation - Memory is stabilised after learning (sensitive to disruption) Reconsolidation - Memory is reactivated and restabilised - Can be disrupted again to weaken response
Retrieval extinction procedure Reactivate memory -> Then introduce extinction Shown to reduce drug craving, reduce fear responses and interfere with relapse
Prediction error Drives Learning (Rescorla Wagner)
Extinction New learning, Not forgetting
Relapse Types Reinstatement Renewal Spontaneous Recovery
Contextual sensitivity Extinction doesn't generalise well
Clinical relevance Critical for anxiety, addiction, behaviour therapy
Reconsolidation Disrupting reactivated memories can reduce relapse
Created by: brendonpizarro1
 

 



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