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Psychology
Chapter 4 Section 1-4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The weakest amount of a stimulus that can be sensed | Absolute threshold |
| The stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information | Sensation |
| The psychological process through which we interpret sensory stimulation | Perception |
| The process by which people become more sensitive to weak stimuli and less sensitive to unchanging stimuli | Sensory adaptation |
| The minimum amount of difference that can be detected between two stimuli | Difference threshold |
| Signal-variation theory is a method of distinguishing sensory stimuli that takes into account a stimulus’s strength plus variable elements. | False, Single detection theory |
| You would not be able to hear a sound that was below your absolute threshold for hearing. | True |
| People who live in cities gradually become less bothered by traffic noise because of the process called sensory perception. | True |
| Something that is variable is subject to change. | True |
| Is subject to change. | Variable |
| Visual _______________________ is a measure of the sharpness of a person’s vision. | Acuity |
| An _______________________ is the visual impression that remains when an image is removed. | Afterimage |
| The _______________________ is an opening in the eye through which light enters. | Pupil |
| Neurons in the eye that are sensitive to light are called _______________________. | Photoreceptors |
| _______________________ colors are located across from each other on the color circle. | Complementary |
| “I am an area in the eye that lacks photoreceptors.” | Blindspot |
| “I am the part of the eye that acts like film in a camera.” | Retina |
| “I am the inability to distinguish colors from each other.” | Color blind |
| “I am a region in the back of the brain that processes visual information.” | Visual acuity |
| “I focus vision by changing thickness, based on the distance of an object being viewed.” | Afterimage |
| a. lens b. retina c. afterimage d. pupil | C. Afterimage |
| a. rod b. pupil c. photoreceptor d. cone | B. Pupil |
| a. visual acuity b. clarity c. farsightedness d. complementary | D. Complementary |
| a. color circle b. form gray c. blind spot d. complementary colors | C. Blind spot |
| A thin layer of tissue that covers or lines an organ | Membrane |
| The nerve that transmits neural impulses from the inner ear to the brain | Auditory nerve |
| Deafness caused by damage to the inner ear, which damages or destroys neurons | Sensorineural deafness |
| A bony tube in the ear that contains the fluids and neurons needed to transmit sounds to the brain | Cochlea |
| Deafness caused by damage to the middle ear, which prevents the amplification of sounds | Conductive deafness |
| Hearing aids can help people who have _______________________ deafness. | Conductive |
| The cochlea is part of the _______________________ ear, which is protected by a layer of tough bone. | Inner |
| Disease and prolonged exposure to very loud sounds can lead to nerve damage and _______________________ deafness. | Sensorineural |
| _______________________, the measure of how high or low a sound is, depends on the sound’s frequency. | Pitch |
| The loudness of a sound is measured in _______________________. | Decibels |
| The eardrum is a thin Membrane that vibrates when sound waves strike it. | True |
| People with Conductive deafness are often given cochlear implants to stimulate damaged nerves. | False, Sensorineural |
| The most significant part of the inner ear is the anvil. | False, cochlea |
| The auditory nerve transmits hearing impulses from the ear to the brain. | True |
| The frequency of sound waves determines the sound’s loudness. | True |
| _______________________ is the sense that allows people to navigate through a crowded room or touch their noses without looking. | Kinesthesis |
| The _______________________ sense monitors the body’s position in relation to gravity and enables people to keep their balance. | Vestibular |
| The olfactory nerve transmits information about _______________________ to the brain. | Smell |
| According to _______________________ theory, the nervous system can only process a certain amount of information at a time. | Gate |
| The taste system is _______________________ and can recover quickly from damage. | Resilient |
| The sense of touch registers changes in Pressure, temperature, and pain. | True |
| The Vestibular sense could explain why rubbing an injured area sometimes helps relieve pain. | False, Gate theory |
| Without Kinesthesis, people would have trouble coordinating movements and exerting fine-motor skills. | True |
| People sense taste through receptor neurons located on the tongue. | True |
| People can tell when they are standing upright because they possess the Olfactory sense. | False, Vestibular |
| Theory that suggests that the nervous system can only process a certain amount of information at a time | Gate theory |
| Marked by the ability to recover quickly | Resilient |
| The sense that informs people about the position and motion of their bodies | Kinesthesis |
| Nerve that carries scent information to the brain | Olfactory nerve |
| The sense that monitors the body’s position in relation to gravity | Vestibular sense |
| Visual cues that only need one eye to be perceived | Monocular cues |
| The tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even though gaps exist | closure |
| Visual cues that require both eyes to be perceived | Binocular cues |
| The use of the rapid progression of still images or objects to produce the illusion of movement | Stroboscopic motion |
| A binocular cue for perceiving depth, based on the difference between the two images of an object that the retina receives as the object moves closer | Retinal disparity |
| The law of _______________________ says that people assume that objects that move together belong together. | Common fate |
| According to the law of _______________________, people usually prefer to see smooth patterns such as lines and waves, not disrupted ones. | Continuity |
| The perception of objects against a background is called _______________________ perception. | Figure-ground |
| People often subconsciously group parts of an image together because of the _______________________ of the parts to each other. | Proximity |
| The law of _______________________ says that people usually think of similar items as belonging together. | Similarity |
| Idea that people tend to group similar items together | Law of Similarity |
| Idea that people tend to group objects that are moving together | Law of common fate |
| Idea that people prefer to see smooth patterns rather than disrupted ones | Law of continuity |
| Tendency to perceive a complete figure even if gaps exist | Closure |
| Illusion of movement caused by the rapid progression of images or objects | Stroboscopic motion |
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volleyball09