Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Geology Test 2
Yeah
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the characteristics for a mineral? (Mineral properties) | - Naturally Occurring/Made in nature - Inorganic - Solid - Crystalline (atoms in an orderly config) - Definable Chemical Composition (ex. Quartz SiO2) |
| Compare and contrast graphite and a diamond. | Graphite + heat and pressure = Diamond. Same atomic composition: Carbon. |
| What is a polymorph? | In crystallography, polymorphism is the phenomenon where a compound or element can crystallize into more than one crystal structure. |
| How are igneous rocks produced? | Formed by solidification of molten rock. Composed of randomly interlocked crystals of silicate minerals |
| How are sedimentary rocks produced? | Cementation and compaction of grains, precipitation of mineral crystals out of solution, or biological processes. Weathering. 75% of earth's surface rock or sum. |
| How are metamorphic rocks produced? | pre-existing rocks change character in response to a change in pressure and temperature conditions. Protolith + heat & pressure = metamorphic rock. Under mountains |
| Extrusive/volcanic rocks | fast cooling = small crystals (are small and can be viewed with the aid of a hand lens) |
| Intrusive/ plutonic rocks | slow cooling = large crystals (are well defined and can be seen without a hand lens) |
| How is a volcanic neck formed? | A column of lava formed by the solidification of molten rock in the conduit of a volcano and later exposed by the removal (by weathering and erosion) of surrounding rocks |
| Understand the structure of the scheme for igneous rock identification | Ok. Page 7 of Igneous. Just remember the rocks |
| Properties of the volcanic/extrusive rock pumice | - Um. Got the holes, light. vesicular texture from trapped gas bubbles, ranging in color from white to black, and a wide variety of uses due to its abrasive and insulating qualities. |
| Which rock type is the only one that can preserve fossils within its layers? (igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic?) | Sedimentary |
| How do chemically formed or crystalline (evaporites) sedimentary rocks form? | Sedimentary rocks or minerals that form when an aqueous solution, like seawater or lake water, evaporates and the dissolved minerals crystallize out of the solution. |
| Evaporites: | Rock Salt (Halite), Chert, Rock Gypsum, Calcite |
| What are some environmental concerns surrounding Sedimentary rocks? | The impacts of sedimentation and erosion, which can pollute waterways with suspended sediment that carries toxins, harms aquatic life, and clogs infrastructure. Sinkholes |
| Karst regions | - regions underlain by limestone rock - can form underground caves and sinkholes |
| How is petroleum formed? | from the remains of ancient marine organisms like algae and plankton that accumulate on the ocean floor and are then buried under layers of sediment |
| What is a petroleum trap? | It's when oil gets trapped. Oil and gas I guess. |
| Explain all the interrelated parts of the rock cycle | Like how the different rock types are formed? |
| What is isostasy? | The state of gravitational equilibrium between Earth's crust and mantle such that the crust "floats" at an elevation that depends on its thickness and density. |
| What is foliation? What is progressive foliation? | Basically layering. The mineral grains all line up parallel style. |
| How did the metamorphic rock in the bedrock of Manhattan form? | Formed as roots of 2 ancient mountain ranges in North America. One 1 billion years ago and one 450 million years. |
| What is a mineral ore? | a natural rock or sediment that contains one or more valuable minerals in sufficient concentration to be extracted for economic gain. Economic whatever. |
| Effects of sea-level rise | increased coastal flooding, erosion, and saltwater intrusion, threatening human infrastructure and natural habitats. |
| What type of tectonic plate boundaries can produce tsunamis? | Subduction of an oceanic plate |
| Mount St. Helens eruption | May 18th, 1980 Washington state. 57 dead up to 600 km2 devastated - Initial vertical blast then lateral blast much stronger - Landslide |
| Shield volcano characteristics | - Wide gentle sloping cone - Predictable & easy to run away. High viscosity lava flow. - Low silica, forms basalt |
| Composite volcano/stratovolcano characteristics | - Steep-sided - Sudden eruptions - Explosive ash eruptions - Low Viscosity lava flow (erupts more violently) - Cone Shaped - Pyroclastic deposits, Andesite, med-high silica & viscosity - Along Subduction ZOnes |
| St. Pierre pyroclastic flow | May 8th 1902, St. Pierre, Martinique - Only 3 survivors - Lava moved fast - Pyroclastic eruption escapes beneath lava plug - Lateral flow directed at city of ST. Pierre - 25k dead, ships in flames |
| Types of volcanos in the Ring of Fire | Stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes and submarine seamounts |
| Volcanism on Earth, Io (moon of Jupiter), and Olympus Mons (on Mars) | |
| Volcanic ash layer (tephra layer) in the rock layer | Can date when past volcanoes erupted |
| Mineral Properties | • Luster • Hardness • Cleavage • Streak • Color • Density • Crystal Form (euhedral or anhedral) • Double refraction • Magnetism • Taste • Reaction with HCl • Odor • Fluorescence |
| 3 Types of Sedimentary: | Clastic/Detrital: Breccia, Conglomerate, Sandstone, Shale, formed: mechanical weathering debris Chemical: Rock salt, limestone, gypsum, chert, forms: dissolved materials precipitate from solution Biochemical/Organic: limestone, coal/fossil fuels, form: |
| Marble Forms from what? | Calcite or limestone |
| Contact Metamorphism | The meeting of magma and crust at high temperatures but low pressures. |
Created by:
user-1991629