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Joints & Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Joints (articulation) | the functional junctions between bones that are formed wherever two or more bones meet |
| What do joints do? | enable a wide variety of body movements (allows growth and shape) |
| What is a Synarthrotic joint's range of movement? | Immovable |
| What is an Amphiarthrotic joint's range of movement? | Slightly movable |
| What is a Diarthrotic joint's range of movement? | Freely movable |
| What are the 3 classification for joints are there? | Synarthrotic, Amphiarthrotic, and Diarthrotic |
| What is the binding tissue for Synarthrotic joints? | Fibrous |
| What is Fibrous tissue? | Separated by thin layers of fibrous tissue |
| What is the binding tissue for Amphiarthrotic joints? | Cartilaginous |
| What is Cartilaginous tissue? | Connected by disks of fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage |
| What is the binding tissue for Diarthrotic joints? | Synovial |
| What is Synovial tissue? | Articular cartilage covers end bone. holds ends together |
| Types of synovial joints | Ball & socket joint, condylar joint, plant joint, in a hinge joint, in a pivot joint, saddle joint |
| Gliding | sliding motion |
| Flexion, extension, hyperextension | Decreasing angle between bones, Increasing angle between bones, extension beyond anatomical position |
| abduction, adduction | away from midline of body, toward midline of body |
| rotation circumduction | pivoting motion, freely movable distal bone moves around stationary proximal bone in cone-shaped motion |
| Supination, pronation | rotational movements |
| opposition, reposition | movement of thumb across palmar surface of hand |
| eversion, inversion | rotates foot laterally, rotates foot medially |
| Dorsiflexion, Planterflexion | toes are pulled toward head, toes are pointed toward ground |
| elevation and depression | movement in superior direction, movement in inferior direction |
| protraction, retraction | moving anterior direction, moving posterior direction |
| Ball & Socket Joint | bone with a globular or egg-shaped head articulating with the cup-shaped cavity of another bone |
| Condylar Joint | consists of an oval-shaped condyle fitting into an elliptical cavity permitting a variety of motions (no rotation) |
| Plane Joint | occur where articulating surfaces are nearly flat or slightly curved allowing a back-and-forth sliding or twisting motion |
| In a hinge joint | a convex surface fits into a concave surface (up & down in one plane) |
| In a pivot joint | cylindrical surface rotates within a ring of bone and fibrous tissue |
| Saddle joint | forms where articulating surfaces have both concave and convex areas permitting a wide range of movement |
| Shoulder joint | Head of humerus & glenoid cavity of scapula Protected by acromion & coracoid process Joint capsule & bursa |
| Shoulder joint movement | Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Rotation/circumduction |
| Elbow joint | Trochlea of humerus & trochela notch of ulna Gliding joint Capitulum of humerus & head of radius |
| Elbow joint movement | Flexion/extension Rotation to allow for supination & protonation of forearm |
| Hip Joint | Head of femur with acetabulum of coxal bone |
| Hip joint movement | Flexion/extension Abduction/adduction Rotation/circumduction |
| Knee joint | Largest & most complex |
| Knee joint movement | flexion, extension, rotation |
Created by:
user-2000251