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Life span test 1
chapter 1,2,3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| history of healthcare | illness was thought to be a result of evil wrongdoing |
| spread of disease (3) | epidemic, endemic, pandemic |
| epidemic | disease that affects a large number of people living in a community (plague, measules) |
| endemic | disease affects only a particular people or country (common cold, west nile virus) |
| pandemic | illness that spreads over several countries or continents (COVID-19) |
| risk factors | genetics, sex, physiological factors, environmental factors, lifestyle risk behaviors, age |
| healthy people 2030 | National public health initiative developed by U.S. Department of Health & Human services (HHS). Provides scienced based plan to improve health & well-being of people across the U.S. |
| healthy people 2030 | eliminates health disparities |
| Medicaid | coverage for low income individuals, pregnant women, individuals needing LTC, persons with disabilities |
| PCP | primary care provider (reduce the number of costly hospital visits) |
| HMO | health maintenance organization |
| PPO | preferred provider organization |
| POS | point of service |
| COBRA | consolidated omnibus budget reconciliation act |
| HIPPA | health insurance portability and accountability act |
| CHIP | children's health insurance program |
| ACA | affordable care act |
| Affordable care act (ACA) | families are eligible for certain preventative health services at no cost, insurance companies are no longer able to refuse health insurance to individuals with preexisting health conditions. covered under parent's insurance until age 26 |
| WHO | world health organization (part of united nations. international level) (disease prevention, early detection of disease, & treatment) |
| CDC | centers for disease control |
| NIH | national institutes of health (public health and medical research) |
| holistic health (5) | physical, psychological, social, cognitive, environmental (the body as a whole) |
| goals of health promotion | healthy lives for more Americans, elimination of health care disparities of all ethnic groups, access to preventative services for everyone |
| preventing disease (3) | primary(preventing the disease from occurring), secondary (early detection & treatment to halt or slow progression), tertiary (managing an existing disease to prevent complications) |
| positive effects of exercise | cardiovascular system, respiratory system, neurological system, musculoskeletal system |
| Hans Selye (3 stages of stress) | alarm (fight or flight) stage, stage of resistance, stage of exhaustion |
| anxiety (4) | mild, moderate, severe, panic |
| role as LPN | caregiver, teacher, advocate, collaborator, role model |
| verbal communication | attitude transmission, feelings using spoken/written words, messaging |
| non-verbal communication | physical appearance, body movement/posture, facial expression, gestures, eye contact, tone & volume of voice, touch, silence |
| communication types (4) | interpersonal, intrapersonal, social, therapeutic |
| interpersonal | between 2 or more people |
| intrapersonal | occurs when people are thinking to themselves |
| social | use of language in social contexts (friends/family/coworkers ) |
| therapeutic | purposeful & goal oriented. promotes good rapport with others |
| personality types | passive or unassertive, aggressive, assertive |
| 6 components of therapeutic communication | listening & observing, warmth, genuineness, attentiveness, empathy, positive regard |
| 3 phases of therapeutic relationship | orientation phase, working phase, termination phase |
| factors affecting communication | congruence, time & setting, proxemics, biases, physical disabilities |
| blocks to communication | belittling, disagreeing/agreeing, defending, stereotyping, false reassurance, giving advice, changing the subject, close ended questions |
| techniques to enhance communication | giving info, validating, clarifying, paraphrasing/restating, offering self, using humor, etc |
| culture | a social group within society to which individuals belong and that gives meaning to their lives |
| subculture | culture within a dominant cultural group that has its owns common values, beliefs, and interests |
| characteristics of culture | learned, shared, integrated/patterned, adaptive, symbolic |
| cultural elements | beliefs, values, norms (folkways, laws, mores), prejudice, ethnicity |
| founder of transcultural nursing | Madeline Leininger |
| define transcultural nursing | formal area of study & practice focused on comparative human care & understanding of the differences & similarities in beliefs, values, & practices among people (uses holistic approach to deliver culturally congruent care) |
| cultural competence | competence, awareness, sensitivity |
| cultural sensitivity | listen carefully & show sincere interest, be nonjudgemental, determine the person's health beliefs & practices |
| cultural barriers | language barrier, lack of health insurance/access to health care, reluctance to question healthcare provider, adherence to traditional cultural practices |
| spirituality | how individuals find purpose/meaning in their life, outcome is inner peace & a feeling of well-being, how one connects with nature or a supreme being |
| religion | specific system of beliefs & worship that is closely integrated with culture, ethnicity, & spirituality. organized practice |
| social determinants of health related to culture | place of birth, place you grew up, place where you live, place where you age |
| development of bacteriology | Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister |
| Hippocrates | 1st physician to propose that treatment should be based on the belief that nature has a strong healing component (diet,exercise,hygiene) |
| Covid originated | Wuhan China |
| American Medical Association (AMA) | fought against having any third party interfere between the patient and physician regarding any medical matter |
| sickness insurance | first known was simple coverage for time lost due to sickness or injury |
| 1972 | amendments to the social security act introduced Medicare a & b |
| Medicare a | hospital insurance |
| Medicare b | medical insurance |
| medicare d (2006) | prescription drug coverage |
| 1970s | Medicaid expanded |
| coordinates global health care efforts against public health threats (SARS,swine flu) | WHO world health organization |
| health promotion | healthy lives for Americans, elimination of health disparities, access to preventative services |
| 20th century | major cause of death was infectious disease, but improvements in sanitation/water/food helped enhance quality of life |
| folkways | how people greet each other |
Created by:
gabulous