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science test
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mitochondria | organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. |
| chloroplasts | organelles in plant and algae cells that perform photosynthesis, converting sunlight into chemical energy in the form of sugars |
| nucleus | an organelle in eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material (DNA), or the atomic nucleus, the dense center of an atom composed of protons and neutrons. In biology, the cell nucleus acts as the cell's control center, |
| cell membrane | a thin layer that surrounds all living cells, acting as a protective barrier that controls which substances enter and exit. It is primarily composed of a phospholipid bilayer, with proteins attached to it, and contains cholesterol for structural support |
| active transport | the movement of molecules or ions across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration |
| positive feedback mechanism | processes that amplify a response, where the end product of an action triggers more of the same action. |
| negative feedback mechanism | a biological process that uses a system's output to stabilize it by counteracting changes, returning it to a set point |
| immune system | protect the body from infection and disease. It recognizes and destroys foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites. |
| endocrine system | produce and secrete hormones, which regulate various bodily functions |
| nervous system | the body's communication network, sending and receiving messages to control everything you think, feel, and do |
| circulatory system | the body's communication network, sending and receiving messages to control everything you think, feel, and do |
| muscular system | movement, stability, and heat production. It moves the body by contracting and pulling on bones, maintains posture by keeping the body upright, and generates heat to maintain body temperature |
| skeletal system | providing support and shape to the body, protecting internal organs, enabling movement, producing blood cells, and storing minerals like calcium |
| quantitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality. |
| qualitative | relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something rather than its quantity. |
| exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane. |
| endocytosis | the process by which cells take in substances by engulfing them with the cell membrane to form a vesicle (vesicle is a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body) |
| osmosis | the passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
| bone marrow | the passive movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration |
| claim | state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof. |
| regulation | a rule or directive made and maintained by an authority. |
| feedback | a circular process where the output of a system influences its own input, acting to either amplify or dampen changes |
| cellular level (hierarchy) | smallest functional unit of life (mitoochondria,nucleus,cellmembrane) |
| tissue level (hierarchy) | groups of simillar cellls working together (muscle tissue, nerve tissue, connective tissue & epithelial tissue) |
| organ level (hierarchy) | multiple organs colaborating (systems:immune,nervous,circulatory,muscular,skeletal) |
| homeostasis | maintaning stable internal conditions |
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