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How injury's Happen
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of trauma | Trauma is defined as a physical injury or wound produced by internal or external force |
| What causes trauma to occur | It is caused by the application of internal or external force on the body. |
| What happens when a force is applied to any part of the body | It can change the function or structure of that part of the body, resulting in injury. |
| What type of force can produce a mechanical injury? | Either internal or external force. |
| What is a mechanical injury? | An injury that occurs when a force is applied to body tissues, causing physical damage or alteration in structure or function. |
| What is a load in relation to tissue properties | An external force acting on the body that causes internal reactions within the tissues |
| What types of body tissues can experience load | Cartilage, ligaments, skin, fascia, and tendons |
| What is stiffness | The ability of a tissue to resist a load. |
| How does greater stiffness affect a tissue’s ability to handle load? | Greater stiffness allows a tissue to resist a greater load. |
| What is stress in tissue mechanics? | The internal resistance of a tissue to an external load |
| What is strain | The internal change in tissue (such as length) that results in deformation. |
| What is the yield point? | The point at which elasticity is almost exceeded in a tissue |
| What happens if deformation continues after the load is released | Permanent or plastic changes occur in the tissue |
| What are plastic changes in tissue | Permanent changes in shape or structure that remain after the load is removed. |
| What occurs when the yield point is exceeded | Tissue failure or injury. |
| What does the yield point indicate about the tissue’s elasticity? | It marks the limit of how far a tissue can stretch or deform before it suffers permanent damage. |
| : What is a mechanical force in the body? | A force that acts on body tissues and can lead to injury when the tissue’s tolerance is exceeded |
| What is a compression force? | A force that results in tissue crush — it pushes tissue together from opposite directions. |
| What is an example of a compression injury? | A bruise (contusion) from being hit, such as being struck by a ball or fall impact. |
| What everyday object can be used to visualize compression | A pop can being crushed. |
| What is a tension force? | A force that pulls or stretches tissue apart. |
| What is an example of a tension injury? | Muscle or ligament strain, where tissue is overstretched. |
| What everyday object helps visualize a tension force? | An AirHead candy being stretched apart. |
| What is a shearing force? | A force that moves across tissue parallel with its surface, causing layers of tissue to slide against each other. |
| What are examples of injuries caused by shearing forces? | Blisters, abrasions, or skin burns. |
| What everyday object can represent a shearing force? | An Oreo cookie — the top and bottom slide apart when twisted. |
| What does the nature of physical activity dictate about injuries? | That over time, injuries will occur — especially with repeated activity. |
| When is an injury classified as acute? | When something has suddenly initiated the injury process (happens quickly). |
| When does an injury become chronic? | When it doesn’t properly heal and continues over time. |
| What is the difference between traumatic and overuse injuries? | Traumatic: Caused by a direct blow or one specific forceful event. Overuse: Caused by repetitive dynamic use over time. |
| Give an example of a traumatic injury. | Sprain from twisting an ankle once, getting hit by a ball, fracture from a fall. |
| Give an example of an overuse injury. | Stress fractures, tendonitis, shin splints |
| What is an abrasion | The surface layer of skin is scraped off (usually caused by friction, like sliding on turf |
| What is a puncture wound | Penetration by a sharp object, such as a nail, tack, or needle. |
| What is an incision? | A straight, sharp, controlled cut — often made by a scalpel or sharp object. |
| What is an avulsion? | When tissue is ripped from its source, such as skin or muscle being torn away. |
| What is a blister? | A collection of fluid below or within the top layer of skin, usually from friction or rubbing. |
| What is a laceration? | A jagged, irregular cut — typically caused by a rough or tearing object. |
| What is a bruise (contusion)? | Bleeding under the skin due to compression or impact that damages blood vessels. |
| Muscle Types | Smooth, Cardiac, Striated, Skeleta |
| Muscle Injuries | Contusions, Strains, Overexertion, Spasms, Cramps |
| What is a contusion (bruise) | A compression of soft tissue that results in bleeding into the surrounding tissue. |
| What causes a contusion? | A direct blow or impact that crushes underlying blood vessels without breaking the skin. |
| What visible sign may result from a contusion? | The bluish-purple discoloration of the skin caused by bleeding under the surface after injury |
| What can develop if a contusion is not properly treated? | Myositis ossificans, a condition where bone tissue begins to form within the muscle. |
| How are all strains and sprains classified? | They are graded on a 3-tier scale: Grade 1 (Mild), Grade 2 (Moderate), and Grade 3 (Severe). |
| What are the signs of a Grade 1 (mild) strain or sprain? | Local pain with little bruising (ecchymosis). Little to no loss of strength or function. |
| What are the signs of a Grade 2 (moderate) strain or sprain? | Moderate pain, bruising, and swelling. Impaired muscle function, such as limping or reduced movement. |
| What does a Grade 2 injury indicate? | A partial tear of the muscle or ligament fibers. |
| How serious is a Grade 1 injury? | t’s mild, and recovery is usually quick with minimal swelling or damage. |
| What are the signs of a Grade 3 (severe) strain or sprain? | Loss of muscle function. A palpable defect (a visible or felt gap where the tissue has torn). |
| What does a Grade 3 injury mean? | : A complete tear or rupture of the muscle or ligament. |
| What is a muscle strain similar to? | A strain is similar to a contusion or sprain, involving capillary or blood vessel hemorrhage. |
| What type of muscles are most often involved in strains? | Large, force-producing muscles. |
| How long can treatment and recovery from a strain take? | Approximately 6–8 weeks, depending on the severity. |
| What may happen if an athlete returns to play too soon after a muscle strain? | Re-injury may occur. |
| What is a cramp? | A painful, involuntary contraction of a skeletal muscle or muscle group |
| What commonly causes muscle cramps? | Excessive loss of water and some electrolytes |
| : What is a muscle spasm? | An involuntary contraction often caused by dehydration or loss of electrolytes. |
| What is a clonic spasm? | A type of spasm where the muscle alternates between contracting and relaxing. |
| What is a tonic spasm? | A constant, sustained muscle contraction. |
| What happens to muscles in the affected area following an injury? | Muscles in the injured area contract to splint and protect the area, minimizing pain through limiting motion. |
| What type of muscle contraction occurs during muscle guarding? | Involuntary muscle contraction. |
| What is the purpose of muscle guarding? | To reduce pain and prevent further injury by limiting movement in the affected area. |
| What is acute onset muscle soreness? | Muscle pain or tightness that develops during or immediately after exercise. |
| What causes acute onset muscle soreness? | Decreased circulation, and the accumulation of lactic acid and potassium within the muscle. |
| What do lactic acid and potassium buildup do inside the muscle? | They stimulate pain receptors, leading to soreness. |
| What type of exercise most commonly causes delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) | Eccentric exercise (muscle lengthening under tension). |
| What occurs within the muscle during DOMS? | Cell and fiber death within the muscle due to microtrauma from eccentric loading. |
| When does DOMS usually appear after activity? | Typically 24–48 hours after exercise. |
| What happens to muscle function during DOMS? | Temporary loss of strength and flexibility. |
| What is a trigger point? | A discrete, hypersensitive nodule within a tight band of muscle or fascia. |
| How are trigger points classified? | As either latent or active. |
| What causes trigger points to develop? | Mechanical stress, such as acute trauma or microtrauma. |
| What effect can trigger points have on muscle fibers? | They can create additional stress on the muscle fiber, leading to pain and tension |
| What type of pain can an active trigger point cause? | Local or referred pain that can limit movement and strength. |
Created by:
Hpalette