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1718

QuestionAnswer
Enlightenment A movement in the 17th–18th centuries where thinkers emphasized reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and religious authority.
Reason Using logical thinking and evidence to understand and make decisions about the world.
John Locke An Enlightenment philosopher who believed people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property and that government should protect those rights.
Philosophes Enlightenment thinkers in France who promoted reason, freedom, and reforms to improve society and government.
Montesquieu An Enlightenment thinker who argued for separating government powers into branches to prevent any one group from becoming too powerful.
Voltaire An Enlightenment writer who championed free speech, religious tolerance, and criticism of oppressive government and church authority.
Denis Diderot An Enlightenment thinker best known for creating the Encyclopedia to spread knowledge and promote ideas about reason and progress.
Deism The belief that God created the universe but does not interfere with it, meaning the world runs by natural laws without miracles or direct divine involvement.
Adam Smith An Enlightenment economist who argued for free markets and limited government involvement in the economy, often called the “father of capitalism.”
Laissez-Faire The idea that governments should not interfere in the economy and should let businesses operate freely.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau An Enlightenment thinker who believed society corrupts people and argued that government should be based on the “general will” of the people.
Emile A book by Jean-Jacques Rousseau that argues children learn best through experience and natural education rather than strict rules and traditional schooling.
Mary Wollstonecroft An Enlightenment writer who argued that women should have equal education and rights as men, laying early foundations for modern feminism.
Rococo An 18th-century art style known for being light, decorative, playful, and filled with elegant detail and pastel colors.
George Frederick Handel A famous Baroque composer known for dramatic choral and orchestral music, including the Messiah and its “Hallelujah” chorus.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart A brilliant Classical-era composer who created influential symphonies, operas, and concertos and is known for his extraordinary musical talent from childhood.
Carnival A festive season before Lent with parades, costumes, music, and public celebrations, especially common in Catholic regions.
John Wesley An Anglican minister who founded Methodism, emphasizing personal faith, moral living, and helping the poor.
United Kingdom of Great Britain The nation formed in 1707 by uniting the kingdoms of England and Scotland under one government.
George III King of Great Britain during the American Revolution, known for his long reign and conflicts with the American colonies.
Frederick II Also known as Frederick the Great, he was the King of Prussia who modernized the army, promoted Enlightenment ideas, and strengthened his kingdom.
Catherine II Also called Catherine the Great, she was the Empress of Russia who expanded the empire, modernized government, and promoted Enlightenment ideas.
Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor who tried to modernize Austria with reforms like religious tolerance, legal equality, and reducing the power of the church.
Pugachev's rebellion A large 18th-century Russian peasant revolt led by Yemelyan Pugachev against Catherine the Great’s rule.
Partitions of Poland The late-18th-century division of Polish territory among Russia, Prussia, and Austria, which erased Poland as an independent nation.
Seven years war A global conflict from 1756–1763 involving major European powers, often called the first “world war,” fought in Europe, North America, and Asia.
Created by: user-1970775
 

 



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