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chapters 24-28 test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Big Three | leaders of three major allied nations: Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin |
| D-day | invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944. Opened second front in Europe |
| Double V campaign | campaign by African Americans to win victory over enemy overseas and racism at home |
| Enola Gay | plane that dropped atomic bomb called "Little Boy" on Hiroshima |
| Executive order 9066 | Roosevelts order to detain people of Japanese ancestry |
| Fascism | Political ideology that focuses on national unity through dictatorial rule and militarism |
| Internment | forced incarceration of West coast Japanese population for greater part of WWII |
| Brains Trust | unofficial advisory cabinet to Roosevelt (originally while he was gov. of NY) that presented solutions to nations' problems |
| Civilian Conservation Corps | public program for unemployed young men from relief families; put to work on conservation and land management projects around the country |
| interregnum | four-month period between Roosevelt's win and inauguration; when economic conditions worsened. |
| Social Security | series of programs designed to help most vulnerable- unemployed over 65, unwed mothers, and disabled |
| Supreme court packing plan | Roosevelt's plan to add an extra 6 justices to the supreme court- one for every justice over 70 who refused to step down |
| Tennessee Valley Authority | federal agency tasked with the job of planning and developing the area through flood control, reforestation, and hydroelectric power projects |
| Works Progress Administration | program run by Harry Hopkins that provided jobs for over 80 million Americans until its closure in 1943 |
| Townsend Plan | recommended paying every citizen over 60 who retired $200 per month |
| Father Charles Coughlin | argued that Roosevelt stopped too short in his defense of labor, monetary reform, and nationalization of key industries |
| Huey Long | Louisiana Senator who stated that the president was not doing enough to help people and proposed Share Our Wealth program |
| American Individualism | belief held by Herbert Hoover that hard work, absent government interference, comprised the formula for success. Against government handouts. |
| bank run | withdrawal by a large number of individuals from a bank due to fears of the bank's instability. Increases bank's vulnerability to failure |
| Black Tuesday | October 29, 1929, mass panic caused stock market crash and stockholders divested over16 million shares, causing value of market to drop |
| Bonus Army | Group of WWI veterans that marched to Washington in 1932 to demand their war bonuses early. |
| Clark Memorandum | Hoover's rejection of the Roosevelt Corollary, that justified U.S. intervention in Latin American affairs. Memorandum improved relations with neighbors by stating that intervention would only take place if Europe interfered with western hemisphere. |
| Scottsboro Boys | trial in Alabama, where 9 African American boys were falsely accused to raping 2 white girls and sentenced to death; injustice gained national attention |
| Smoot-Hawley Tariff | approved by Hoover to raise tax on thousands of imported goods to encourage people to buy U.S. made products. Result was other nations raising tariffs, hurting U.S. economy |
| speculation | investing in risky financial opportunities in hopes of a fast payout due to market fluctuations |
| The Grapes of Wrath | haunting story of Joad family's exodus from Oklahoma farm to California for hopes of a better life |
| Lost Generations | writers who came of age during WWI and expressed their disillusionment with the era. |
| Model T | first model by Ford company, made affordable due to assembly line |
| Negro nationalism | idea that African American had distinct and separate heritage that should inspire pride and community. |
| new morality | shift from Victorian values to more liberal outlook in 1920s |
| Return to normalcy | campaign promise made by Warren Harding in 1920 presidential election |
| Scopes monkey trial | 1925 trial of John Scopes for teaching evolution. Made public by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) |
| Second KKK | nationwide movement that expressed racism, nativism, antisemitism, and anti-Catholicism. |
| Charles Lindenberg | first person to fly solo across the Atlantic ocean. completed in 33 hours. |
| National Origins Act | significantly limited allowed annual immigration |
| The Dust Bowl | was caused by Overfarming and drought. |
| The National Recovery Administration | sought to Establish better working conditions while ensuring corporate profits. |
| The Indian New Deal | changed government policy toward Native Americans by protecting their culture and ending assimilation |
| fireside chats | to restore consumer confidence. |
| Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) | Endorsed by Hoover to fund local public works projects. Ultimately offered no direct federal relief. |
| Fireside Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | insured personal bank deposits up to $2,500 |
| Lend Lease | U.S. could sell, lease, or transfer military equipment to any nation deemed important to the defense of the states. |
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ellach