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Stack #4561763
Organelles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nucleus | (most important)Stores the cell's genetic information (DNA) and controls the cell's activities, codes for proteins |
| Mitochondria | Generating ATP through cellular respiration |
| Ribosomes | where proteins are made |
| Golgi Apparatus | Packages and sorts proteins and lipids into vesicles for transport or export(exocytosis) to other parts of the cell or for secretion |
| Lysosomes | Membrane sacs that contain enzymes that break down waste materials destroys bad stuff |
| Rough ER | Transports proteins to the golgi apparatus, studded with ribosomes |
| Smooth ER | Synthesises lipids, carbs, detoxifies(drugs alcohol), stores calcium ions |
| Cytoskeleton | Proteins that give cells their shape and allows for movement, gives structure support |
| Cell Membrane | A selectively permeable barrier that encloses the cell and controls what enters and leaves. |
| cytoplasm | jelly-like material that holds organelles in place, keeps cells shape, allows for transport of materials, the site of many metabolic reactions, protein synthesis, and cell division. |
| nucleolus | makes ribosomes |
| free ribosomes | makes proteins the cell will use itself |
| what are ribosomes used for in the rough ER | Exports proteins out of the cell |
| Centrioles | ONLY in animal cells, involved in cell division to move DNA |
| Cillia | Tiny "hairs" made of proteins on surface of cell, they move entire cells or substances along the cells surface, many extend along plasma membranes entire surface |
| Microvilli | Folds, to increase surface area |
| vesicle | membrane bound sacs that store and transport |
| Flagellum | enables a cell to move usually through a liquid |
| what's the smallest unit considered alive | Cell |
| What are the 2 categories of cells | Eukaryotic(animal, plant, fungi, protist, cells), Prokaryotic(single celled, bacteria, most simple) |
| What parts of the cell are shared by both Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes |
| Why are cells so small? | small to maintain a high surface area to volume ratio, allows for efficient transport of nutrients and waste, if cells are too big cell membrane cant exchange materials fast enough to keep cell alive |
| What is the function of the cell membrane | Barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell, maintains its internal environment and protects it |
| What are the folds in plasma membranes called? | Microvilli |
| What are the parts of a plasma membrane | glycolipid, glycoprotein, cytoskeleton, cholesterol, protein channels, phospholipids bilayer |
| fluid mosaic model | represents the structural and functional characteristics of the cell membrane |
| What is the structure of a phospholipid bilayer | molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate, linked head group |
| What does amphiphilic mean | A molecule having both hydrophobic (nonpolar) and hydrophilic (polar) regions. |
| Why would a membrane carrying lipids be only a single layer of phospholipids | The hydrophobic tail would be exposed to the watery parts inside and outside of the cell |
| What's an integral protein? | Integrates COMPLETELY into the membrane structure, they are tightly embedded in the cell membrane and interact strongly with its hydrophobic interior |
| Peripheral protein | loosely attached to the membrane surface |
| What are some functions of proteins in cell membrane | Transports molecules across membrane, act as receptors to receive chemical signals and facilitating cell to cell recognition and adhesion. Enzymes, hormones bind |
| What is the function of carbohydrates in the cell membrane | They are always on the cells exterior surface and are bound either to proteins(forming glycoproteins) or to lipids forming(glycolipids) carbohydrates form special sites on the cells surface that allow cells to recognize each other |
| What does glycocalyx mean | sugar coating |
| Why do fish change the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in their cell membranes | They change from saturated to unsaturated to have more fluid as water temps change (homeoviscous adaptation) when in cold water they increase the unsaturated fatty acids to keep membrane fluidly |
| What does a selectively permeable membrane mean | They allow some substances to go through but not others Fats/Gases CAN go through amino acids/carbs CANNOT |
| What organelle needs to divide each time skin cells divide | Nucleus |
| What structures within the skin cells help with cell division | centrioles |
| what do structural proteins within a cell make up | Cytoskeleton |
| What organelle is responsible for making ribosomes | nucleolus |
| What organelle must be present in high amounts in cells to make proteins | ribosomes |
| What organelle packages these proteins in a vesicle to be released from the cell | Golgi apparatus |
| What organelle transports proteins between the organelles which makes the proteins and those that package them | Rough ER |
| the ovaries are responsible for the production of steroids such as estrogen therefore has large amounts of what organelle | smooth endoplasmic reticulum because this organelle contains the necessary enzymes to synthesize lipids, including steroids, from cholesterol |
| What organism protects our bodies by engulfing bacteria and digesting them | lysosomes |
| what organelle do cardiac muscles need a lot of for a constant supply of energy | mitochondrias |
| What are the hair like structures on the surface of the cells in respiratory system. | cilia |
| What is on a sperm cell that helps it move | flagellum |
| prokaryotic | has a plasma membrane, genetic material not in a nucleus, lacks membrane bound organelles, bacteria has DNA to replicate itself |
| What is surface area | How much cell membrane there is |
| What do only animal cells have | centrioles, lysosomes |
| What do only plant cells have | a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole |
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