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pathology: GI
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| blood in stool | hematochezia |
| blood in vomit | hematemesis |
| fluid produced in liver, stored in gallbladder, that aids the digestion of lipids in SB | bile |
| difficulty swallowing | dysphagia |
| the passage of bulky, foul-smelling, stool that floats | steatorrhea |
| what is in the upper GI tract | oropharynx, pharynx, esophagus, and stomach |
| what is in the lower GI tract : small intestine | duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| what is in the lower GI tract: large intestine | cecum, appendix, ascending, descending, transverse, rectum, anus |
| where does the esophagus terminate | gastroesopheal junction |
| what are the three parts of the esophagus | proximal, mid, distal |
| result from the failure of the esophageal lumen to develop separate from the trachea | congenital tracheoesophageal fistula |
| approximately 50% are caused by malignancy in the mediastinum. The rest from infectious processes or trauma | acquired tracheoesophageal fistula |
| also known as GERD | reflux |
| appears as superficial ulcerations on images | esophagitis: reflux /GERD |
| symptomatic condition or structural changes caused by reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus | reflux, gerd |
| appears as smooth or tapperd stricture | barretts esophagus |
| at what age do they assume you have esophageal cancer | 40+ |
| who is more prone to getting esophageal cancer | men |
| common lesions that contain all layers or one layer of the wall | diverticula |
| dilated veins in the all of esophagus common results of increased pressure usually caused by cirrhosis of the liver | esophageal varicees |
| what is esophageal varices majorly caused by | cirrhosis of the liver |
| appears as a wavy border | esophageal varices |
| most common abnormality detected on upper GI or CT | hiatal hernia |
| what percentage of hiatal hernia is detected on upper GI or CT studies | 50% |
| functional obstruction of distal esophagus with proximal dilation caused by incomplete relaxation of esophageal sphincter | achalasia |
| seen as a rat tail on barium study | achalasia |
| what does the stomach do | secretes digestive enzymes and gastric acid to aid in food digestion |
| what do we call partially digested food | chyme |
| what are the reasons we do an UGI | nausea/abdomen pain anemia/blood loss |
| inflammation of the stomach | gastritis |
| occurs when two muscular layers of the pylorus become hyperplastic and hypertrophic | pyloric stenosis |
| palpation for a pyloric stenosis feels like | hard olive |
| what pathology prevents food from entering the duodenum | pyloric stenosis |
| group of inflammatory processes involving the stomach and duodenum | peptic ulcer disease |
| most common cause of acute upper GI bleed | peptic ulcer disease |
| most stomach cancer occurs where | distal stomach |
| most common peptic ulcer disease; accounts for 95% | duodenal ulcer |
| what does a superficial gastric erosion appear like | tiny fleck of barium with radiolucent halo |
| what percent of gastric ulcers are malignant | 5% |
| 2 ways to examine the small bowel | small bowel follow through, entercolysis/SB enema |
| what is the length of the small bowel | 22-23 feet |
| what part of the small bowel does bile and pancreatic juices, and main area of digestion in intestines | duodenum |
| part of small bowel ; majority of absorption of nutrients | jejunum |
| part of small bowel; aids in some digestion | ilium |
| after _-_ hours of onset can you see a small bowel obstruction | 3-5 hours |
| common disorder of motility | adynamic ileus |
| treatment for adynamic ileus | NG tube |
| intussusception is most common in | children |
| telescoping of one part of intestinal tract into another because of peristalsis | intussusception |
| defective absorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats from the small bowel | malabsorption |
| colon usually takes in what two things | water and salt |
| why do we examine the colon | pain/ constipation anemia/ blood loss |
| Develops when the neck of the appendix becomes blocked by a fecalith or by post-inflammatory scarring that creates a closed-loop obstruction in the organ. | appendicitis |
| chewing, mechanical breakdown of food | mastication |
| the action or process of swallowing | deglutition |
| outpouchings that represent acquired herniations of of mucosa and submucosa through the muscular layers at points of weakness in the bowel wall | diverticulosis |
| Complication (necrosing inflammation in the diverticula) , leads to the development of a peridiverticular abscess. | diverticulitis |
| t/f ulcerative colitis does not affect your SB | true |
| refers to several conditions that have an alteration in intestinal motility | irritable bowel syndrome |
| third leading cause of death in the US | colon cancer |
| twisting of the bowel on itself that may lead to intestinal obstruction | volvulus of the colon |
| usual spot for volvulus | sigmoid |
| very rare site for volvulus | cecal |
| varicose veins of the lower end of the rectum that cause pain, itching, and bleeding | hemorrhoids |
| what is the function of the gallbladder | store bile |
| the gallbladder attaches to the duodenum by the | sphincter of oddi |
| modality of choice for gallbladder | US |
| Rare condition in which the growth of gas-forming organisms in the g/b is facilitated by stasis and ischemia. | emphysematous cholecystitis |
| mercedes benz sign | cholelithiasis |
| extensive calcification of the gallbladder caused by chronic cholecystitis | porcelain gallbladder |
| functions of the liver | detoxification, produces biochemical for digestion |
| infectious hepatitis = and how is it transmitted | Hep A ; oral/fecal |
| serum hepatitis = and how is it transmitted | Hep B; blood/sexual |
| non A, non B hepatitis = how is it transmitted | Hep C; blood/sexual |
| Chronic destruction of liver cells and structure; fibrous connective tissue replaces the destroyed liver cells. | cirrhosis |
| what is the imaging needed for hepatocellular carcinoma | CT 3 phase |
| most common malignant tumors of the liver | hepatic mets |
| pancreas produces | insulin |
| what does insulin do | helps support blood sugar levels |
| Inflammatory process in which protein and lipid-digesting enzymes become activated within the pancreas and digest the organ - excessive alcohol | acute pancreatitis |
| calcifications for chronic pancreatitis are usually seen where on the pancreas | the head |
| Loculated (walled-off) fluid collections arising from inflammation, necrosis, or hemorrhage associated with acute pancreatitis or trauma. | pancreatic pseudocys |
| type of pancreatic cancer that produces increased insulin | insulinoma |
| type of pancreatic cancer that are islet cell tumors ; gastrinomas | ulcerogenic |
| type of pancreatic cancer; islet cell tumors; WDHA syndrome | diarrheogenic |
| Free air in the peritoneal cavity associated with significant abd pain and tenderness often caused by perforation of gas containing viscus | pneumoperitoneum |
| what does the spleen do | acts as a blood filter, removes red blood cells, holds a reserve of blood |
Created by:
macummins1