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TAM335 Exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Navier Stokes Equation | F=ma per unit volume and involves 3 of the 4 forces |
| F = pU^2A | Force to stop a jet of fluid with velocity and jet area is related to inertial acceleration, the fluid feels the force via pressure |
| rate change of momentum | fluid momentum changes, from upward to downward, requiring net force down onto fluid and causing a reaction force up |
| Froude Number | average velocity/velocity related to gravity --> compares inertia and gravity, important for open channel motion, gravity controls shape |
| theta | angle of inclination |
| pgsin(theta) | gravitational force per unit volume in the flow direction, if inertial effects are neglected, the p only matters in gravitational force pg |
| q depends on what | other parameters (constant) |
| gradient of v = 0 | conservation of mass continuity, describes balance between inertia, pressure gradients, and newton's second law |
| Laminar Flow | Viscous forces dominate, linear because viscosity is constant, uniform velocity profile |
| Turbulent Flow | Inertial effects cause the pressure drop to increase faster with flow rate, nonlinear because energy losee grows faster with velocity (more wasteful) |
| "mass of fluid in a closed system never changes" | conservation of mass |
| "a difference in pressure accelerated a fluid parcel" | conservation of momentum: pressure gradient created acceleration |
| "viscosity allows momentum to be transferred" | if viscosity is ignored it would elimintae drag and make flow appear "too ideal" and boundary layers and separation would be misled |
| High or low pressure drop Turbulent flow | higher pressure drop |
| faster jet | lower static pressure |
| large reynolds number | inertia dominated, flow would be chaotic |
| ratio of inertial to viscous | determines laminar or turbulent floww |
| rate of change of momentum | fluid equals the net external force |
| Vavg = Q/A | velocity avergae |
| Q equation | ((pi)(d^4)/(128*viscosity*L))(change in p) |
| reynolds number equation | p*V*d / viscosity |
| mass flow rate | m = p (change in V) |
| force on plate | F = (m)(Vin-Vout) |
| if force on a plate changed and was deflected | F = (m)(V)(1-cos(45)) |
| (dp/dt) + p(gradient v) = 0 | mass conservation |
| gradient * pv = 0 | continuity for incompressible flow |
| if reynolds number is greater than 4000 | the flow must be turbulent |
| head loss | hf = fLv^2 / d2g |
| pressure drop | p = pg(hf) |
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