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Poli-sci Exam 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social contract theory | People need governance and for governance to work people must work with it. Governance serves to protect the individuals and the will of all, when the governance stops doing that the social contract is broken and the people rebel. |
| Hobbes' social contract | Believed people are self interested and must cooperate with the state to achieve peace. The governing state should be very strong. |
| Locke's social contract | Power comes from the people, governance cannot work without the people. The state protects natural rights of life, liberty, and property. |
| Rousseau's social contract | General will of the people should be protected by the social contract and should protect everyone. Maximization of liberty. |
| Will of all | Individual will of every person, self interested |
| General will | Collective will of people for the common good of the people. |
| Machiavelli ideal gov. | Authoritarian, complete dominance at any cost (violence is necessary), should be pragmatic in political decisions. |
| Machiavelli's idea of gov. success | Needs complete power over the people, violence and cruelty if needed, and for people to completely depend on the government as a result of things like favors. |
| Machiavelli criticisms | Slippery slope of power can lead to bad authoritarian leaders who don't uphold what the people want. Immoral pragmatic. |
| Hobbes ideal gov. | Provide citizens with peace and restrain the self interested nature of humans. Should be a totalitarian controlled government to maintain peace. |
| Hobbes historical context | Important because it was a tumultuous and violent time because the English civil war was going on. Wanted to provide a stable authoritarian government and have peace because of this. |
| Locke's natural rights | Right to life, liberty, and property. Property is important to Locke because its the fruit of personal labor and people should have true ownership over fruits of labor. |
| Influence of Locke on political science | Limited government and natural rights theory (American right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness) |
| Rousseau 3 main themes in social contract | The general will is meant to protect individuals, there must be a clear separation of powers between government and sovereign, and representative government makes sense but only if people are involved in it. |
| Rousseau influence on political philosophy | General will, popular sovereignty, and social contract |