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Anatomy Exam 3
Joints, muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are joints/ articulations | Points where two or more bones meet |
| What two categories can joints be classified by | Structural and Functional |
| What is the structural classification of joints | Based on how many bones are connected |
| What is the functional classification of joints | Based on the amount of movement allowed |
| What are the structural types | Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
| What are the functional types | Synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), diathrosis (freely movable) |
| What are fibrous joints | Fibrous joints are where bones are connected by dense connective tissue - do not have a joint cavity |
| What is a joint cavity | A space that separates ends of bones at a joint - true joint cavities only exist in synovial joints |
| Types of fibrous joints | Sutures, syndesmoses, gomphosis |
| What are sutures | They are found between skull bones, allow growth in children - fuse with age (synarthrosis) |
| What are syndesmoses | Bones that are connected by a ligament (amphiarthrosis) |
| What is gomphosis | "Peg in socket" joint (tooth in alveolar socket) synarthrosis |
| What are cartilaginous joints | Bones are connected by cartilage - no joint cavity present |
| What are the two types of cartilaginous joints | Synchondrosis and Symphysis |
| Synchondrosis | Joined by hyaline cartilage, usually immovable |
| Symphysis | Bones jointed by fibrocartilage, slightly movable |
| What are synovial joints | The most common and most movable type of joint in the body |
| What are the features of synovial joints | Articular cartilage, Joint capsule |
| Articular (hyaline) cartilage | Smooth cartilage, that covers the ends of bones: reduces friction, and helps absorb shock |
| Joint capsule | A two layered sleeve that encloses the joint cavity |
| Two layers of a joint capsule | Fibrous layer and synovial membrane |
| Fibrous layer | Outer ; dense connective tissue that provides strength and stability |
| Synovial membrane | Inner; A lining that produces synovial fluid |
| Ligaments | Strong bonds of dense connective tissue that connect bone to bone |
| Tendons | Attach muscle to bone and help stabilize the joint |
| Bursa | Fluid - filled sacs that reduce friction between muscle, bone, and tendon |
| Fat pads | Provide cushioning and fill joint spaces |
| Plane (gliding) joints | Flat surfaces, allow sliding/gliding movements |
| Hinge joints | Convex/ Concave surfaces; allow flexion and extension (elbow/knee) |
| Pivot joints | Rounded or pointed surface rotates within a ring ; allow rotation |
| Condyloid joints | Oval condyle fits into elliptical cavity ; allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction |
| Saddle joints | Concave surface fits complementary surface ; allow similar movement to condyloid joints (thumb) |
| Ball and socket joints | Spherical heads fit into cup-shaped socket - allow movement in all axis and rotation |
Created by:
kaywalls12