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HIST 10601 Exam II
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is internationalism? | it advocates for political and economic cooperation among states and nations |
| what is traditional isolationism? | a policy or doctrine of trying to isolate a country from the affairs of other nations |
| what was the Kellogg-Briand Pact? | nicknamed the 'Pact of Paris' and was an international agreement that aimed to eliminate war as conflict resolution |
| what were the two types of debt owed to the U.S.? | foreign and domestic |
| what was the origin of the tension between Japan and China? | battle for manchuria |
| what was the Nye Commission (1934-1937)? | it was created by the senate, and it investigated munitions sales in WWI |
| What was the Johnson Act of 1934? | it prevented aid to any country involved with European disputes that led to WWII |
| what was FDR's 'good neighbor policy'? | it meant non-intervention and non-interference in domestic affairs of latin america |
| what was the Ludlow amendment (1938)? | it was a national referendum on any declaration of war by congress |
| how did FDR feel about joining the war? | he was conflicted |
| what does the CDAAA (1940) stand for? | Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies |
| what did the CDAAA (1940) do? | it advocated for U.S. aid to allied nations |
| what was FDR's 'quarantine speech' (1937)? | a speech in which the president talked about atrocities happening in Germany and their refusal to abide by treaties |
| what were the have-not nations? | germany, italy, and japan |
| what war conflict happened in 1935? | the italo-ethiopian war |
| when did Hitler reoccupy the Rhineland? | 1936 |
| what was the Anschluss? | the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into Nazi Germany |
| what was Sudetenland? | the crisis in Czechoslovakia |
| when did Germany invade Poland? | Sept. 1st, 1939 |
| what was the German blitzkreig? | a swift, coordinated attack using tanks and motorized weapons |
| what was the Lend-Lease act? | it authorized the president to provide military aid to any country whose defense was considered vital to american security |
| when was the Lend-Lease Act passed? | march 1941 |
| who was the most controversial country the U.S. gave aid to? | russia |
| what was the Atlantic Charter? | FDR and Prime Minister Winston Churchill outlined postwar goals after WWII |
| what was the Greer Incident (1941)? | german sub U-652 torpedoed American Destroyer USS Greer |
| what were the results of the Greer Incident? | FDR declared a 'shoot on sight' policy for the Navy against german ships |
| while the war between Japan and China was going on, what problem were the Japanese having? | they needed oil |
| what country did Japan invade while looking for oil in southeast Asia? | indochina |
| what was the Tripartite Pact? | it was a defensive military pact between Germany, Italy, and Japan to establish new world order and to deter the U.S from entering the war |
| after Japan invaded southern Indochina, what did they do to keep the U.S. away? | they attacked at Pearl Harbor |
| what was the significance of the aircraft used on Pearl Harbor? | they were mobile airbases that made the attack possible |
| what was 'Tora, Tora, Tora!'? | a message sent by the Japanese during the attack on Pearl Harbor to let the U.S. know they had been surprised |
| what happened on December 7th, 1941? | the attack on Pearl Harbor |
| who were the presidential candidates in the election of 1932? | Franklin Roosevelt and Herbert Hoover |
| what was significant about Franklin Roosevelt? | he proved to the people that he was still capable of serving as president even though he had polio by being the first candidate to attend the presidential convention |
| what was FDR's campaign? | he travelled around the country, paid 3 doctors to evaluate him and then published their reports in newspapers, but had no specific commitments laid out |
| how many states were won by FDR? | 42/48 |
| how did the New Deal get its name? | its contrast with progressivism, and the people wanted big changes in the government |
| what was FDR's 'Brain Trust'? | his advisor's cabinet, many of them went to the University of Colombia and worked for the government during WWI |
| who was Frances Perkins? | the first woman to be a cabinet secretary, and was the secretary of labor |
| who ran for office as a socialist and got 1 million votes? | norman thomas |
| what were some big things FDR changed while in office? | he made a government for the people, created a centralization of national power and the president's powers, and made the democratic party the majority |
| how many republican governors were there in 1933? | 7 |
| who was Mary McLeod Bethune? | she was the highest ranking in the National Youth Association in the Roosevelt administration |
| what was FDR's thoughts on anti-lynching laws? | he favored them despite public opinion being against them |
| what were the fireside chats? | FDR got on the radio and talked directly to the american people |
| the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), the FDIC, Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) were all created by who? | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
| what was the National Recovery Administration (NRA)? | it kept prices down and wages up, as well as created tons of jobs |
| how did the secret service hide FDR's disability? | they built secret ramps around the white house, no images of FDR in his wheelchair or getting in/out of cars were permitted |
| what did FDR do to his wife? | he cheated on her with his mistress, and then later died with his mistress |
| What did Eleanor Roosevelt do during her time as the First Lady? | she advocated for people of color and women, went to the front lines of WWII and met with people in hospitals, and was critical of her husband |
| what was the great migration? | black people moving north to escape jim crow laws and find jobs |
| what was the triple alliance during WWI? | an alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey |
| what was the triple Entente during WWI? | an alliance between France, Great Britain, Russia, and Italy |
| who was Colonel Edward House? | woodrow wilson's closest advisor |
| what kickstarted WWI? | the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
| who killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand? | Gaurilo Princip |
| who did what to avenge the murder of Archduke Ferdinand? | Austria-Hungary decided to control Serbia and destroy it, Germany backed them |
| what was the western front? | the battle line in northern France and Belgium |
| who was Charles de Gaulle? | a french lieutenant who became the French president 40 years later |
| what was the Lafayette Escadrille in WWI? | an all american aviation unit |
| what did people think of Woodrow Wilson before he was re-elected? | they thought he "kept them out of war" |
| what was the Zimmermann Telegram? | it stated that if the U.S. declared war on Germany, that German forces would help Mexican forces to invade the U.S. and take back new mexico, arizona, and texas |
| who was Jeanette Rankin? | she was a republican from Montana who was the first woman to be elected to the house of representatives |
| what global problem occurred during 1918-1919? | the international flu epidemic |
| how many global deaths were recorded from the international flu epidemic? | 50-100 million |
| who created the CPI? | woodrow wilson |
| what was the CPI? | the Committee of Public Information lied about the flu epidemic to american people |
| what was another big problem in 1919? | strikes and unions across the country, with 4 million workers going on strike |
| what president was part of the Boston Police Force before he was elected? | Calvin Coolidge |
| what impacts did WWI have on the U.S. government? | it increased the power of the government and a partnership between the government and businesses arose |
| what were the origins of the Red Scare? | the rise of bolsheviks (russians) and calling for worldwide revolution in 1917 |
| who was J. Edgar Hoover? | the creator of the FBI, and he made his career on hunting down 'radicals' accused of being bolsheviks |
| when was the U.S. communist party created? | 1919 |
| what president targeted immigrants and communists? | herbert hoover |
| what happened on january 2, 1920? | over 5,000 'radical' suspects were detained illegally |
| what kickstarted the 2nd american industrial revolution? | the invention of the automobile |
| when was the Ford Motor Company founded? | 1903 |
| who was Henry Ford? | the man who started the Ford Motor Company and designed the model-T |
| who was the model-T made for? | working everyday americans |
| what, other than cars, was created by the Ford Motor Company in 1913? | the assembly line |
| how many children were killed by auto accidents when cars first became a thing? | 10,000 |
| instead of hating germans, advertisements told the american people to buy what? | cars |
| what was the Volstead Act (1922)? | the law of prohibition, it banned making, selling, or transporting alcohol in the U.S. illegal |
| how did rich people get around prohibition? | they had secret speakeasies only the rich could access |
| who were seen as heroes in the 1920s? | criminals |
| what did Al Capone go to jail for despite being a mob boss? | tax evasion |
| who was John Dillinger? | the leader of a rival gang to Al Capone |
| what was the St. Valentine's Day Massacre of 1929? | Al Capone and his gang dressed as cops and shot 7 members of the Obanyon gang (John Dillinger's gang) |
| when was the Ku Klux Klan rebirthed? | 1915 |
| who was William Simmons? | he founded the Ku Klux Klan and played a big role in rebirthing it |
| who did the 'hate list' of the KKK extend to after its rebirth? | immigrants, jews, and other people of color |
| how many members were in the KKK? | 4-5 million |
| what is fundamentalism? | anybody that believes in the 5 pillars of christianity |
| who was John Scopes? | a teacher that purposely got arrested by teaching evolution in his classroom |
| what was the fight between William Jennings Bryan and Clarence Darrow in 1925? | Bryan did not evolution to be taught in schools because he was a traditional christian, and Darrow thought that schools should not be told what to teach |
| who was the 1917 literacy test created for? | immigrants |
| what was the National Origins Quota Act (1924)? | it capped immigrants at 150,000 and used the 1890 census for the number specifically because it would mean less immigrants would come |
| who was there an increase of after the National Origins Quota Act was passed? | catholics, hispanics, and western hemisphere countries |
| what were the politics of the 1920s? | very republican |
| what party ruled the government from 1920-1928? | republican party |
| who were the republican presidents in the 1920s? | Warren Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover |
| what was Pres. Warren Harding like? | he was a bad judge of character, had a scandal in office, and he was not confident in any decision that he made |
| what was Calvin Coolidge like? | he was very sleepy, didn't talk much, built his presidency around business, and he won because the Democrats were unorganized |
| what was Herbert Hoover like? | he had a degree, was a millionaire because of the mines in china, and he was the president when the depression began |
| what was out of the norm at the end of Harding's presidency? | he died of a heart attack having only been in office for two years |
| how long was Coolidge's presidency? | 6 years |
| what was the Mary-Haugen Bill (1924)? | it took the surplus of our farmers' stock and sold it to other countries for cheap to run their farmers out of business |
| what were some causes of the Great Depression? | september 1929 the stock market took a decline, in october the global market took a decline, people that invested in the stock market lost all their investments, high tariffs, government reduced the money supply, wages not increased |
| what was the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930? | it added a tariff to non-agricultural goods and it caused other countries to impose tariffs which made the whole problem worse |
| by 1932, how many people were unemployed? | 12 million |
| 6000 people sold what in NYC to survive? | apples |
| who was the author of "The Grapes of Wrath" and what was it about? | John Steinbeck, it was about a poor woman being disgraced by accepting charity during the depression |
| how many states passed laws banning employment for women because they thought women should not 'steal' jobs from men? | 26 |
| how many women were unemployed in 1932? | 20% |
| who else was targeted during the depression for 'stealing jobs'? | mexican americans |
| what was the most popular fad in the 20s? | baseball |
| who made baseball popular because he hit home runs? | Babe Ruth |
| who was Ty Cobb? | a player with the Detroit tigers and an extreme racist |
| who was Josh Gibson? | a black baseball player who also hit home runs, but is not recognized because he was black |
| who were some famous authors in the 20s? | F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and Sinclair Lewis |
| what was F. Scott Fitzgerald like? | he was an alcoholic, went to princeton but left after 3 years to join the army, married a woman named Zelda |
| what was Ernest Hemingway like? | he was an alcoholic, did not go to college, he won a pulitzer, and he committed suicide in 1961 |
| who was Albert Einstein? | he developed theories about relativity, both special and general, graduated from college at 21, won a nobel peace prize, and he contributed to the inventions of the satellite and phones |
| who launched the first liquid rocket in 1926? | robert goddard |
| what was the Kelly Act? | it subsidized airplane production and allowed for air mail |
| who flew the atlantic ocean solo in May of 1927? | charles lindbergh |
| who was Clara Bow? | the 'IT' girl of the 20s |
| the sexual revolution did what for american society? | it gave americans the idea that sex was fun, and pre-marital sex became more popular |
| what was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance? | it made black people realize they had a voice, so they created their own styles, music, and literature |
| what was "Negro Nationalism"? | it was the 1920s version of black power and it was spearheaded by Marcus Garvey |
| who was Oscar DuPriest? | the first black man to serve in congress, and he was an advocate for black rights |
| what did americans become obsessed with in the economy? | materialism and the need for physical things |
| what was a symbol of corpoate america? | skyscrapers |
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