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chapter 4

ecology

TermDefinition
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and with there enviroments
species a group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring
populations members of a species that live in the same area at the same time
community all the populations in a particular area
ecosystem all the living things and their physical enviroments within a particular area
biosphere all parts of earth that host life with all of its organisms and enviroments
biotic factors parts of an ecosystem that are living or used to be living "bio"
abiotic factors parts of an ecosystem that has never been living
habitat the specific environment in which an organism lives
resource anything an organism needs including nutrients , shelter , breeding sites , mates etc
population size the number of individual organisms present in a given population at a given time
population density the number of Individuals within a population per unit area
population distribution how organisms are arranged within an area
age structure the relative numbers of organisms of each age within a population
age structure diagrams are visual tools scientist use to show the age structure of populations
sex ratio its proportion of males to females
survivorship curves to show the likelihood of death varies with age , population ecologists show this
immigration the arrival of individuals from outside a given area
emigration is the departure of individuals from a given area
migration a seasonal movement into and out of an area
exponential growth when a population increases by a fixed percentage each year
limiting factors characteristics of the enviroment that limit population growth
carrying capacity the largest population size s given environment can sustainably support
logistic growth populations initial experiential increase is slowed and finally stopped by limiting factors
density - dependent factor high population density increases competition for resources such as food and water
density - independent factors are limiting factors who's influence is not affected by population density
biotic potential maximum ability to produce offspring in ideal conditions
Created by: tallie58$
 

 



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