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Lower extremit joint
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| sacroiliac joint | auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with auricular surface of the ilium. Ligament: sacroiliac |
| acetabulofemoral (coxal) joint | acetabulum of coxal bone articulates with head of the femur. Ligaments: iliofemoral, ischiofemoral, pubofemoral, acetabular labrum, ligamentum teres. Movements: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, circumduction. |
| patellofemoral joint | patella articulates with the patellar surface of the femur. movements: inferior glide (during knee flexion) and a superior glide (during knee extension) |
| tibiofemoral joint | tibial condyles of tibia articulate with femoral condyles of femur. Ligaments: medial collateral (MCL), lateral collateral (LCL), anterior cruciate (ACL), posterior cruciate (PCL), and medial and lateral meniscus. Movements: flexion, extension. |
| proximal tibiofibular joint | lateral condyle of the tibia articulates with the head of the fibula |
| distal tibiofibular joint | distal end of the tibia articulates with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. Ligaments: anterior and posterior tibiofibular |
| tibiotalar joint | distal end of the tibia articulates with the talus. Movements: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion |
| fibulotalar joint | lateral malleolus of the fibula articulates with the talus. Movements: plantarflexion and dorsiflexion |
| subtalar joint | talus articulates with the calcaneus. Movements: inversion and eversion |
| tarsometatarsal joints | tarsals articulate with the metatarsals |
| metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints | metatarsals articulate with the proximal phalanges. movements: flexion and extension |
| proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints | proximal phalanges of digits 2-5 articulate with the middle phalanges of digits 2-5. movements: flexion, extension |
| 2nd through 5th distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints | middle phalanges of digits 2-5 articulate with the distal phalanges of digits 2-5. movements: flexion, extension |
| 1st interphalangeal (IP) joint | 1st proximal phalanx of the big toe and the 1st distal phalanx of the big toe. movements: flexion, extension |
| ligaments for ankle | tibiotalar, fibulotalar, and subtalar joints are stabilized by the calcaneofibular, anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and deltoid ligaments |