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Endocrine System

QuestionAnswer
Direct communication VIA GAP JUNCTIONS IN MEMBRANES OF ADJACENT CELLS
Paracrine communications VIA RELEASE OF CHEMICALS CALLED PARACRINE FACTORS OR CYTOKINES OR LOCAL HORMONES TO EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS
Endocrine Communications VIA RELEASE OF SPECIFIC CHEMICALS CALLED HORMONES – FROM SPECILIZED CELLS RELEASED TO BLOOD STREAM VIA DUCTLESS GLANDS --HAVE SPECIFIC EFFECT ON TARGET TISSUE(S) FAR FROM SITE OF RELEASE
Neural/Synaptic communication RELIES ON CHEMICAL TRANSMISSION TO AFFECT OTHER CELLS/TISSUES CHEMICALS = NEUROTRANSMITTERS RELEASED VIA SYNAPSES, CLOSE to TGT cells
How is the nervous system different from endocrine system Quick and short acting
How is the endocrine system different from nervous system slowing/long, longer lasting
How are the nervous system and the endocrine system similar RELEASE NEUROTRANSMITTERS & HORMONES THAT PRODUCE SPECIFIC EFFECTS WHEN BIND TO RECEPTORS, and maintain homeostasis
How are the nervous system and the endocrine system similar continued SHARE SEVERAL CHEMICAL MESSENGERS REFERRED TO AS HORMONES WHEN RELEASED INTO BLOODSTREAM NEUROTRANSMITTERS WHEN RELEASED ACROSS NEURAL SYNAPSES REGULATED VIA NEGATIVE FEEDBACK CONTROL
Cells of the endocrine system GLANDULAR, SECRETORY CELLS THAT RELEASE PRODUCTS INTO EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS & BLOODSTREAM
How do exocrine cells release products to epithelial surfaces ducts
How many separate endocrine glands/tissues are in the body 12
Hormone structure: Amino Acid derived MALL MOLECULES – SIMILAR IN STRUCTURE TO AMINO ACIDS
Hormone structure: Peptide derived CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS – COMPOSED OF 2 GROUPS: -PROTEIN HORMONE GROUP; SHORT PEPTIDE CHAINS & SMALLPROTEIN CHAINS -GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE GROUP; NORMALLY OVER 200 AAs LONG & HAVE CARBOHYDRATE SIDE CHAINS
Hormone structure: Lipid derived, steroid hormone type DERRIVED FROM CHOLESTEROL, PRODUCED & RELEASED BY; -MALE & FEMALE GONADS -ADRENAL GLANDS (CORTEX/CORTICOSTERIODS)
Hormone structure: Lipid derived, eicosanoids DERRIVED FROM ARACHIDONIC ACID – COMPOSE MAJORITY OF PARACRINE FACTORS INCLUDE: -LEUKOTRIENES, PROSTAGLANDINS
3 types of hormone interactions Antagonistic (opposition), Synergistic (combined), integrative (2+ hormones to produce effect)
2 ways hormones produce effect stimulate protein/enzyme synthesis by activating genes in nucleus, turn enzymes on and off
3 types of 3nd messenger CA++ ion, CAmp, CGMP
3 requirements for hormones and TGT tissue make enough hormones, have enough receptors, good bond between hormone + TGT tissue
Simple reflex only 1 hormone involved
Complex reflex 2 or more hormones involved
Created by: GabbyS1
 

 



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