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chapter 4

TermDefinition
Ecology The study of how organisms interact with one another and with their environments.
Species A group of individuals that interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Population The members of a species that live in the same area.
Community All of the population in a particular area.
Ecosystem All living things and their physical environments within a particular area.
Biosphere The Earth and all of its organisms and environments.
Biotic factor Any part of an ecosystem that is living or used to be living.
Abiotic factor Any part of an ecosystem that has never been living.
habitat The specific environment in which an organism lives.
Resource Anything an organism needs; includes nutrition, shelter, ,mates, and breeding sites.
Population size The number of individual organisms present in a population at a given time.
Population density The number of individuals in a population per unit of area.
Population distribution How organisms are arranged within an area; sometimes called population dispersion.
Age structure The relative number of organisms of each age within a population; also called age distribution.
Age structure diagram A chart that shows the age distribution of a population; also called age pyramid.
Sex ratio The proportion of males to females in a population.
Survivorship curve A graph showing the likelihood of survival within a group or population by age.
Immigration The movement of individuals to a given area.
Emigration the movement of individuals away from a given area.
Migration The seasonal movement of organisms into and out of and area.
Exponential growth The pattern of population growth in which a population increases by a fixed percentage each year.
Limiting factor A characteristic of the environment that restricts population growth.
Carrying capacity The largest population a given environment can support.
Logistic growth The pattern of population growth in which exponential growth is slowed and finally stopped by limiting factors.
Density-dependent factor A limiting factor whose influence changes with population density; includes competition, prediction, and disease.
Density- independent factors A limiting factor whose influence is not affected by population density; includes catastrophic events.
Biotic potential The growth rate of a population under ideal conditions.
Created by: masonmayor
 

 



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