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science assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are multicellular organisms? | Organisms made up of multiple cells. |
| Why do multicellular organisms need specialised organs and systems? | They handle complex tasks more efficiently; allow organisms to grow larger and more complex. |
| What are unicellular organisms? | Organisms made of one cell that performs all life functions; rely on diffusion for nutrients and waste. |
| What do cells need to survive? | Oxygen |
| What is the digestive system? | Breaks down food into nutrients for energy |
| Mouth/Teeth/Tongue/Saliva | Physically break food; saliva breaks starch into sugars and lubricates food. |
| Oesophagus | Muscular tube transporting food to stomach. |
| Liver | Stores glucose as glycogen |
| Stomach | Mixes and breaks down food |
| Small intestine | Breaks down food |
| Large intestine | Absorbs water and salts |
| Rectum | Stores faeces until excretion. |
| What is mechanical digestion? | Physical breakdown of food (chewing |
| What is chemical digestion? | Enzymes and acids break food into chemical components. |
| Why does the digestive system break down food? | To make nutrients small enough to absorb into cells. |
| What are enzymes? | Proteins that speed up chemical reactions. |
| What is the purpose of the small intestine? | Absorbs nutrients and water into bloodstream. |
| What are villi? | Finger‑like projections that increase surface area for absorption. |
| What is the respiratory system? | Organs that bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. |
| Nasal cavity | Filters |
| Pharynx | Passage for both food and air. |
| Epiglottis | Prevents food entering airway during swallowing. |
| Trachea | Air passage to lungs. |
| Lungs | Gas exchange — oxygen in |
| Bronchus | Carries air into lungs |
| Alveoli | Tiny sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between air and blood. |
| Diaphragm | Main breathing muscle; contracts to inhale |
| Intercostal muscles | Expand and contract ribcage during breathing. |
| What is blood? | Plasma carries nutrients/waste; red blood cells carry oxygen with haemoglobin; white blood cells fight disease. |
| What is the circulatory system? | Heart and blood vessels delivering oxygen/nutrients and removing waste. |
| What is the function of the heart? | Pumps blood around the body. |
| Arteries | Thick walls |
| Veins | Thin walls |
| Capillaries | One‑cell thick walls; exchange gases and nutrients with cells. |
| What is the excretory system? | Removes waste products (urine |
| What is defecation? | Removal of solid waste (faeces). |
| What do kidneys do? | Filter blood |
| What is haemodialysis? | Medical procedure filtering blood when kidneys fail. |
| Ureter | Carries urine from kidneys to bladder. |
| Bladder | Stores urine before excretion. |
| Urethra | Tube that expels urine. |
| Sphincter muscle | Circular muscle controlling flow of urine/faeces. |
| What is the function of the skeletal system? | Supports body |
| What are ligaments? | Connective tissue holding joints together. |
| What is cartilage? | Soft tissue preventing bone damage and reducing friction. |
| Plane joint | Gliding movement (spinal cord). |
| Saddle joint | Back‑and‑forth and side‑to‑side (hands). |
| Hinge joint | Flexion and extension (elbow). |
| Pivot joint | Rotational movement (neck). |
| Ball‑and‑socket joint | Movement in all directions (shoulder |
| Ellipsoid joint | Side‑to‑side and up‑down (wrist). |
| What are the three types of muscles? | Skeletal (voluntary |
| What is the reproductive system? | Organs that produce sex cells |
| Prostate gland | Produces seminal fluid to nourish and protect sperm. |
| Urethra | Expels urine and semen. |
| Testes | Produce sperm and sex hormones. |
| Epididymis | Stores and matures sperm. |
| Penis | Used for urination and reproduction. |
| Ovary | Produces eggs and hormones. |
| Cervix | Allows fluids to pass; dilates for childbirth. |
| Vagina | Birth canal; site of intercourse. |
| Uterus | Nourishes fertilised egg |
| Fallopian tube | Transports egg; site of fertilisation. |
| What is fertilisation? | Sperm fuses with egg to form a zygote. |
| What is a resource? | Any material |
| What is a natural resource? | Comes directly from the Earth. |
| What is a renewable resource? | Regenerates at the same rate or faster than it is used. |
| What is a non‑renewable resource? | Exists in limited amounts |
| What are human‑made resources? | Created by processing natural resources. |
| How does coal form? | From plant remains over millions of years; stores solar energy as chemical energy. |
| What are issues with fossil fuels? | Cause climate change |
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