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CH. 35 - Bowel
Exam #2 Vocab - P/P
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Borborygmi | Loud, rumbling sounds produced by the normal movement of gas through the intestines (AKA - stomach growling) |
| Clostridium difficile (C. diff) | Bacterium that causes a severe GI infection in the intestine (colon), causing diarrhea; most common cause of acquired diarrhea in the U.S |
| Colonoscopy | An endoscopic procedure that can visualize the colon up in the ileocecal valve |
| Colostomy | Opening in the abdomen to divert stool from the colon (large intestine) to the abdominal skin surface |
| Constipation | Infrequent, sometimes painful passage of hard, dry stool |
| Defecation reflex | Involuntary response of intestinal contraction and anal sphincter relaxation to rectal distention; creates the urge to defecate |
| Diarrhea | Frequent evacuation of loose and watery stools |
| Distention | Refers to enlargement/swelling/stretching/inflating of an organ or body part due to the accumulation of fluid, gas, or other substances |
| Enema | Insertion of fluid into the rectum and colon through the anus |
| Esophagogastroduodenescopy (EGD) | A medical procedure that uses an endoscope to examine the upper GI tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| Fecal impaction | The accumulation of hardened feces in the rectum |
| Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | A screening test that detects microscopic amounts of blood in the stool that isn't apparent upon visual examination |
| Flatus | Gas in the GI tract (stomach/intestines, swallowing air, or by bacterial action/fermentation) |
| Gastric lavage | Irrigation (washing) of the stomach |
| Hemorrhoids | Enlarged or varicose veins (twisted, bulging, visible veins) in the anal canal |
| Ileostomy | Opening of the abdomen to divert stool from the ileum (small intestine) to the abdominal skin surface |
| Knock pouch | A surgical procedure that creates an internal pouch from the illeum (small intestine) to divert urine to the abdominal skin surface |
| Meconium | First feces of a newborn |
| Pannus | A large protuberant (bulging) abdominal skin fold; common in obese patients |
| Paralytic ileus | A condition where the bowel is temporarily paralyzed, causing distention; occurs after surgery |
| Peristalsis | Wave-like muscle contractions that moves contents (food/fluids) through the digestive tract |
| Sigmoidoscopy | A medical procedure that examines the rectum and sigmoid colon (lower large intestine) |
| Stoma | A surgically created opening in the abdomal skin surface that allows waste (feces/urine) to exit the body into a collection bag |
| Suppository | Medication inserted into the rectum, vagina, or urethra |
| Valsalva maneuver | The combination of taking deep breaths against a closed glottis (to move the diaphragm down), contracting the abdominal muscles (to increase intra-abdominal pressure), and contracting the pelvic floor muscle ( to pusch the feces down) to defecate |
Created by:
cpablo21