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Unit 3 Quiz - Waves
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a wave? | A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without permanently moving matter; waves carry energy, not the medium itself. |
| What are the main parts of a transverse wave? | The crest is the highest point, the trough is the lowest, and the resting line shows where particles return after vibrating. |
| What are the parts of a longitudinal wave? | Areas of compression (particles close together) and rarefaction (particles spread apart) that move parallel to the energy. |
| What does amplitude measure in a wave? | The distance from the resting point to the crest or trough; greater amplitude means more energy. |
| How does increasing amplitude affect wave energy? | When amplitude doubles, the wave’s energy increases four times because energy depends on the square of amplitude. |
| What does wavelength describe? | The distance between matching points on a wave, such as crest to crest or compression to compression. |
| What does frequency measure? | The number of full wave cycles that pass a point each second, measured in Hertz (Hz); higher frequency = more energy. |
| How are wavelength and frequency related? | They have an inverse relationship—when frequency increases, wavelength decreases, and energy increases. |
| How are transverse and longitudinal waves different? | Transverse waves move particles perpendicular to energy flow; longitudinal waves move particles parallel to energy flow. |
| What evidence helps identify a transverse wave? | The particles move up and down while the energy moves forward, showing perpendicular motion. |
| What is the main difference between mechanical and electromagnetic waves? | Mechanical waves (like sound) need a medium such as air or water; electromagnetic waves (like light) can travel through empty space. |
| Why can light from the Sun reach Earth but sound cannot? | Light is electromagnetic and travels through space; sound is mechanical and requires matter. |
| What happens to a wave’s energy when its frequency increases? | The wave’s energy increases because faster vibrations transfer more energy per second. |
| What do all waves have in common? | All waves transfer energy from one place to another, even though they may travel differently. |
| Why does sound travel faster in solids than in gases? | Because particles in solids are closer together, allowing vibrations to pass energy faster. |
| When comparing two waves, how can you tell which carries more energy? | The wave with higher frequency and greater amplitude carries more energy. |
| What happens when the amplitude of a wave on a rope increases? | The rope moves higher above and lower below the resting point, showing greater energy transfer. |
| What happens to a wave’s frequency when its wavelength increases? | The frequency decreases—longer waves take more time to pass a point. |
| How does the medium affect wave speed? | Waves travel faster in denser materials like solids because tightly packed particles transfer energy efficiently. |
| What pattern in a data table shows higher energy waves? | Shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies together indicate greater energy transfer. |
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