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T3/4 - gobal systems
Gobal systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atmosphere | the air we breathe, consists of all gases above the Earth's surface. |
| Biosphere | plants and animals. Includes Plants Fungi Animals Bacteria Protists |
| Hydrosphere | the water on earth. Includes Oceans Rivers Lakes Rain Water Vapor Puddles |
| Geosphere | the solid ground. Earth’s geological materials like rocks, minerals, magma & lava. all the solid parts of earth; crust, mantle, core |
| Two main gases make up the atmosphere: | Nitrogen Oxygen |
| Troposphere | Closest to Earth's surface, contains 75% of the mass of the entire atmosphere, where most weather occurs, greenhouses gases are found here |
| Stratosphere – ozone layer, which is the protective shield absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV), helps regulate Earth's temperature radiation. | ozone layer, which is the protective shield absorbing most of the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV), helps regulate Earth's temperature radiation. |
| Lithosphere | Earth’s outer solid layer, made up of the crust and the upper part of the mantle (‘Skin’ of the Earth) Includes – landmasses, oceanic crust and upper mantle |
| Identify and explain some examples of interactions between spheres. Geosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere | A volcanic eruption (geosphere) releases gases and ash into the atmosphere. Rain from the atmosphere falls into rivers and oceans (hydrosphere). Fish and aquatic life (biosphere) live in water bodies (hydrosphere). Plants (biosphere) grow in soil |
| The Carbon Cycle | movement of carbon |
| Stage One - photosynthesis | Photosynthesis Plants take in CO2 & use sunlight to turn it into glucose (food), releasing O2 as a byproduct. |
| Stage Two – Transfer of Carbon Through the Food Chain | Transfer of Carbon Through the Food Chain. Animals obtain carbon by eating plants & other animals. |
| Stage Three - Respiration | Respiration Plants & animals break down glucose using O2 to form CO2 and water. |
| Stage Four - Excretion | Excretion, egestion, death & decomposition. enters the soil through waste. plants & animals die, bacteria & fungi break down their bodies, releasing CO2 back into the air. |
| Stage Five - Fossil Fuel Formation | Fossil Fuel Formation Coal, oil & gas store carbon from dead animals & plants for millions of years |
| Stage Six - Combustion | Combustion Burning of fuels release CO2 into the atmosphere Includes – firestick farming, bushfires & burning of fossil fuels |
| Stage Seven - Limestone Formation | Limestone Formation CO2 in atmosphere can dissolve in oceans, forming carbonic acid (forms calcium carbonate, which is component of shells) CO2 can be released from limestone through weathering & erosion |
| Combustion Reactions | human activity has disrupted the carbon cycle. excessive carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through activities like burning fossil fuels for energy, transportation, bushfires and industrial processes. |
| Firestick Farming | Promotes plant growth, clears underbrush, and opens space for hunting and gathering Supports biodiversity by creating varied habitats Enhances soil fertility through ash and nutrient recycling Lowers risk of large, uncontrolled fires |
| Photosynthesis | process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food (glucose) and release oxygen in the air. It’s essential for life on Earth because it produces the oxygen |
| Formation of Limestone | Carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere can dissolve in oceans, forming carbonic acid. Shells from deceased animals, sink and accumulate on ocean floor Over millions of years, these shells compact to transform into limestone (sedimentary rock) |
| Greenhouses | provide a solution by offering controlled environments for cultivation (encouraging growth) |
| Natural Greenhouse Effect | Earth keeps warm through the natural greenhouse effect. Sunlight warms land and oceans when it hits Earth’s surface. Earth gives off heat as infrared radiation back into space. Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and water vapor trap some of this heat |
| Enhanced Greenhouse Effect | enhanced greenhouse effect is a phenomenon in which human activities (burning fossil fuels and deforestation) release large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. |
| Examples of Greenhouse gases: | Water vapor Carbon dioxide Methane Nitrous oxide |
| Carbon Sources & Sinks | carbon sinks include trees and the ocean, |
| Imbalance & Consequences | Earths carbon sinks cannot absorb the excess carbon dioxide, leading to its accumulation in the atmosphere. This accumulation intensifies Earth’s greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change |
| Carbon Sequestration | capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere & storing it in long-term carbon sinks These carbon sinks help reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. |
| Examples of carbon sequestrations: | Oceans Forests Soil |
Created by:
Ivygeorgestuddy