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Anth
Final Exam Study Guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Whiteness | Usually refers to the hegemony of white worldviews or the social construction of white privilege |
| Hegemony | dominance, especially ideological dominance in such a way that the dominance is relatively unquestioned |
| Ideological hegemony | The dominancy of one set of beliefs or ideas over others in a way that supports the power over one group of people over another, often creating consent to that power |
| Whiteness is treated as a | Default |
| By making whiteness visible | It loses its power |
| Whiteness studies | Emerged in 1980s among white academics in the humanities and social scientists |
| Whiteness is the underlying issue that causes | Racism |
| Whiteness can be legally | Granted or denied |
| Whiteness in Critical Whiteness Studies | Whiteness is socially constructed, subjective but treated as objective, normative and defined by exclusion |
| Whiteness can be studied as | A system of privilege, a normative ideology, colonial practice, actual property |
| Jane Hill and Mock Spanish | Spanish used in certain context effects Spanish speakers |
| Racialization | Race being ascribed to people, behavior, places |
| Commonly believed but incorrect assumptions of race | Race is basic category of human biology, racism exists in and through people's individual beliefs, intentions and actions, people prefer to be with their own kind |
| Inner Sphere English | Among family and friends Puerto Rican bilinguals switch between Spanish and English speaking casually |
| Outer Sphere English | In public and official settings, Puerto Rican Billinguals speak English without Spanish |
| What is not apart of the project of white racism | Link Race to Gender |
| Whiteness Studies is interested in the heritage of white people | False |
| Whiteness Studies see whiteness as | Privileged, Normative, Exclusive, and Property |
| According to Jane Hill, to study racism you need to study the covert act of racism in everyday behavior | True |
| Cool has a more specific meaning | Uncool is everything else |
| Unmarked | Default |
| Marked | Other |
| Whitness is considered | Unmarked |
| Present tense is ______; Past tense is __________ | Unmarked;Marked |
| According to Hill, what is an example of mock Spanish? | Using phrases like hasta la vista baby jokingly |
| What was an indirect index of mock Spanish | Spanish speakers are lazy |
| In the Hill article, the white public sphere was white because it reflected the norms and biases of white people | True |
| Whiteness is unmarked because it often only defined when we talk about other races | True |
| Superstandard English is characterized by | Formal Lexical items, Careful pronunciation, Prescriptively standard grammar |
| According to Buscholtz nerds are interesting because they represent | A hyper standard version of speech |
| What was a feature of nerd speak in the buscholtz article | Not Using AAE ad careful pronunciation |
| Unmarked behaviors can involve the appropriation of behavior from marginalized groups | True |
| What are reasons that we read research about things in the past | They give us theory that we can use in the present, we learn about history that is still relevant, they can teach us useful methods of study, allow us to compare newer phemomena to past ones |
| Yellow peril | A term that originated in the 1800s out of fear of Chinese workers |
| Model minority myth | Idea that Asian Americans are model minorities compared to others |
| Was the term Asian American invented by Asians or other people? | It was invented by Asians. |
| The Chinese exclusion Act set a president for Congress banning immigrants from specific countries and not being challenged by the courts | True |
| In Lo's article Newcomers and Oldtimers distinguished between | Asian and White residents |
| In Lo's article, why was it significant that the presence of Chinese on grocery store signs made the white neighbors feel excluded? | They ignored the English on the signs, and the presence of Chinese marked the space as "Asian" and not white |
| Folk theories or perceptions | Widely circulating narratives about something outside of academia, often commonplace knowledge significantly different from how linguists define it |
| Folk perception of stereotype | A negative portrayal of a group of people that is often out of sync with reality |
| Folk theories are not wrong | They are just different then technical theories |
| Stereotypes | How we define what objects belong to particular kinds or categories |
| Stereotypes have 3 things | Reference, Prediction, Typicality device |
| Reference | thing being typified |
| Prediction | Feature being associated with a reference |
| Typicality device | Something indicating that the prediction is typical of the reference across many instances |
| Folk theories are less important then technical theories | False |
| According to Putnam, Stereotypes are | A standardized description of features that are deemed normal |
| In the statement "All Asians own Chinese Restaurants", which part of the statement is the typicality device | All |
| What was not a reason that Reyes discussed in her argument about Asian American teens using stereotypes | Talking about other groups besides their own |
| Language and Race are co-naturalized | They have come into being alongside each other and feed into each other historically and also in how people use the terms today |
| Contemporary Raciolinguistics | Language and race are often indexes of each other, language is a part of radicalization, people expect people who are racialized to speak certain language |
| Conaturalization | The process through which two things come to make each other seem natural, like they are not socially constructed |
| According to Rosa Latinidad is | A product of radicalization, learned and reproduced in places like schools, a product of enregisterment, and must be studied by paying care attention to and talking about language |
| In Rosa's book who looks like a language and sounds like a race? | Latinx youth and teachers and person who speaks Spanish |
| What is an example of indexical inversion as per Rosa? | Expecting someone who is Latin to speak Spanish |
| Language and Race are conaturalized because our ideologies involving language support each other and index each other | True |
| Double binds occur when | Contradicting social pressures make it so that people are set up to fail |
| What were the two types of Latinx Identity that principal Baez didn't want her students to be associated with | Gangbangers and hoes |
| The Main point of Rosa's book is to disavow stereotypes about Latinx Youth | False |
| Which of the following are not an example of Goffamn's term covering | A lower class person pretending to come from money at school |
| Dr. Baez in Rosa's book tries to solve the double bind of Latinx Students being expected to both succeed and fail by | Trying to mold students into the figure of young Latino professional |
| Non-Nons | A term that describes students officially classified as nonverbal in both Spanish and English |
| Teachers complaining about Principal Baez's English and Spanish in Rosa Chapter 4 were participating in an ideology of languagelessness | True |
| What does bilingual mean for Principal Baez in Rosa chapter 4 | Someone who's mother tongue is not English |
| What is an example of the language bubble ideology | Thinking that people choose to live in areas where English is not spoken and the census category of Linguistic Isolation |
| What is the problem with the languagelessness ideology | Heritage speakers are often told they speak poor Spanish in classes, People who communicate are classified as non-nons by teachers, It unfairly targets people who are racialized as Latinx, and it ignores all the talents and skills bilingual students have |
| Digital | In its most broad form means data or signals expressed in series of 1s and 0s |
| Digital refers to the use data signals expressed in binary 1s and 0s | True |
| Which of the following is an affect of the digitization of communication | Proliferation of informal writing norms, the greater transferability of information, a reduction of linguistic diversity |
| Which of the following best describes how people use emojis? | They are written gesture. |
| Language on the internet is less physical than spoken language | False |
| Frame Analysis | Argues that we make sense of objects and events through culturally determined understandings of context; Goffman |
| What are the two use of hashtags according to Bonilla and Rosa? | Providing an interpretive frame and cataloging tweets |
| According to Bonilla and Rosa the fact that our experience of social media are filtered through algorithms means we can not do research on them | False |
| What is not an example of how Twitter creates a sense of shared temporality? | Tweets are only relevant for a short time |
| According to Bonilla and Rosa, what is the purpose of hashtags like #HoodiesUp #BlackLivesMatter #IfTheyGunMeDown | Creating counter narratives to media representations of Black victims |
| Chronotope | The intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relations that are artistically expressed on literature |
| Chronotopes use | Language and other forms of semiosis to create a sense of time and space and personhood |
| Deictic Positioning | Deictic words or expressions rely on the context for their meaning |
| Every instance of discourse involves chronotopes | True |
| Which is not a deictic | Tree |
| According to Delfino, what two chronotopes are involved in the construction of white allyship and wokeness on the Facebook group she studied | Virtue as the future and racism as the past |
| Which is an example of deictic centering around the speaker | "I used to be racist but I worked hard and now I'm an ally." |
| Statements have truth values | Are true or false depending on the state of the world, some statements do not have truth values |
| Performative utterances | Statements that do things rather than make statements |
| Constative speech acts | Statements with a truth value |
| According to Austin, Performative Speech Acts can be true or false | False |
| What is a felicity condition for the performative "I dismiss class" | Being a professor |
| Which of the following is an explicit speech act | I promise to take the garbage out next week |
| What is the basic premise of gender performance by Judith Butler | We are constantly creating and recreating gender through our actions |
| There are multiple versions of masculinity, so when we talk about toxic masculinity we are talking about one type among many | True |
| Which of the following is a critique of (not one but all) Deficit, Dominance, and Difference models of language and gender | These models take a binary and singular approach to gender |
| Creaky Voice is associated with Kim K and Women, but what identities did it used to be associated with | Men and Authority |
| Hedging has historically been been associated with woman's speech | True |
| Cameron 1997 | A landmark study of the speech of men in the US, analyzed recordings of college age men hanging out in the 90s, people often assumed that men;s speech was simply the opposite of women's speech |
| Things that make speech cooperative | Hedging, Epistemic modals. signs of attention, latching of turns, simultaneous speech not interpreted as violations of turn taking. using the word like |
| Dude is always an address term | False |
| According to Keisling, the word dude helps American heterosexual men balance which two forces | Heterosexism and fraternity |
| What is not an example of men in the US maintaining cool solidarity | Talking about their emotions with friends |
| The most common use for the word dude in the keisling study was between men who were close friends | True |
| Marx;s Capitalism | A new class of business people own everything and then exploit the labor of the working class |
| Ethnographic Film is always more objective than text | False |
| In Sorry to Bother You white voice Is the key to unlocking social privilege | True |
| Which best describes a marxist notion of capital | Means of production is owned by the bourgiouse |
| Racial Capitalism argues what about capitalism | It relies on the devaluing of black labor, it co occurs with racial science and racialization, It emerged in the context of slave labor and colonialism |
| Erving Goffman | Sociologist and social psychologist, interested in understanding communication and how people interact and what structures interaction |
| According to Goffman participant structures involve hearers and speakers exchanging ideas | False |
| Teacher reads students a quote from the university's code of conduct. Who is the principle? | The University |
| Adressees are a special kind of hearer because | They are socially ratified |
| David Tennet played Hamlet for the Royal Shakespeare Company, David was the ____ of the lines "To be or not to be" | Animator |
| Footing | Involves semiotic repositioning of the production format and participant framework of a conversation or other kind of communicative even |
| Production format | Goffman complicates the role of speaker by showing how utterances aren't always produced by one person |
| Animator | the person physically producing the utterance |
| Author | The person who chooses the words |
| Principle | The person who the sentiment is meant to represent |
| Participant framework | Goffman complicates the role of hearer by showing how utterances can have different kinds of hearers |
| Addressee | the socially ratified (official) hearer |
| Overhearer | the nonratified hearer who is unintentional |
| Eavesdropper | the non ratified hearer who is intentional |
| Audience | A collective group of addresses often viewed as an imagined abstracted entity |
| The belief that words represent thoughts is the belief of what philosopher | John Locke |
| The point of Lempert and Silverstein's chapter on political speech can be described as the message is not a message | True |
| One candidate switching from addressing the American people to addressing their opponent on a debate stage is an example of | Changing Addressee, Chaining Participant Framework, Shifting Footing |
| What is the best way to describe political language according to Lempert and Silverstein's chapter on Political Messaging | Indexical |
| Syntactic Categories | Categories derived from word order, English has subject verb object word order |
| Semantic roles | Have to do with the meanings of words, not the word order |
| Agent | the doer of an action |
| Patient | the one the action is done to |
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