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AP HUG Vocab Unit 3
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Culture | the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technologies shared by a society and passed down from generation to generation |
| Cultural Trait | a shared object or cultural practice |
| Artifacts | a visible object or technology that a culture creates |
| Sociofacts | a structure or organization of a culture that influences social behavior |
| Mentifacts | a central, enduring element of a culture that reflects its shared ideas, values, knowledge, and beliefs |
| Popular Culture | the widespread behaviors, beliefs, and practices of ordinary people in society at a given point in time |
| Traditional (Folk) Culture | the long-established behaviors, beliefs, and practices passed down from generation to generation |
| Ethnocentrism | the tendency of ethnic groups to evaluate other groups according to preconceived ideas originating from their own culture |
| Cultural Relativism | the evaluation of a culture by its own standards |
| Cultural Landscape | a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values |
| Sequent Occupance | the notion that successive societies leave behind their cultural imprint, a collection of evidence about human character and experiences within a geographic region, which shapes the cultural landscape |
| Ethnicity | the state belonging to a group of people who share common cultural characteristics |
| Traditional Architecture | an established building style of different cultures, religions, and places |
| Postmodern Architecture | a building style that emerged as a reaction to "modern" designs, and values diversity in design |
| Religion | a system of spiritual beliefs that helps form cultural perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and values |
| Toponym | a place name |
| Sense of Place | the subjective feelings and memories people associate with a geographic location |
| Dialect | a variation of a standard language specific to a general area, with differences in pronunciation, degree of rapidity in speech, word choice, and spelling |
| Adherents | a person who is loyal to a belief, religion, or organization |
| Denominations | a separate church organization that unites a number of local congregations |
| Centripetal Force | a force that unites a group of people |
| Centrifugal Force | a force that divides a group of people |
| Diffusion | the process by which a cultural trait spreads from one place to another over time |
| Cultural Hearth | an area where cultural trait develop and from which cultural traits diffuse |
| Expansion Diffusion | the spread of a cultural trait outward from where it originated |
| Contagious Diffusion | the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads rapidly among people of all social classes and levels of power |
| Hierarchical Diffusion | the spread of an idea or trait from a person or place of power or authority to other people or places |
| Stimulus Diffusion | the process by which an idea or cultural trait spreads to another culture or region but is modified to adapt to the new culture |
| Lingua Franca | common language used among speakers of different languages |
| Creolization | the blending of two or more languages that may not include the features of either original language |
| Cultural Convergence | the process by which cultures become more similar through interaction |
| Cultural Divergence | the process by which cultures become less similar due to conflicting beliefs or other barriers |
| Acculturation | the process by which people within one culture adopt some of the traits of another wile still retaining their own distinct culture |
| Assimilation | a category of acculturation in which the interaction of two cultures results in one culture adopting almost all of the customs, traditions, language, and other cultural traits of the other |
| Syncretism | process of innovation combining different cultural features into something new |
| Multiculturalism | a situation in which different cultures love together without assimilating |
| Cultural Appropriation | the act of adopting elements of another culture |
| Language Family | a group of languages that share a common ancestral language from a particular hearth, or region of origin |
| Isolate | a language that is unrelated to any other known language |
| Language Branch | a collection of languages within a language family that share a common origin and separated from other branches in the same family several thousand years ago |
| Language Groups | languages within a language branch that share a common ancestor in the relatively recent past and have vocabularies with a high degree of overlap |
| Indo-European Language Family | |
| Universalizing Religions | a religion that tries to appeal to all humans and is open to membership by everyone |
| Christianity | a universalizing religion based on the teachings of Jesus Christ that began in what is now the West Bank and Israel around the beginning of the common era and has spread to all continents |
| Islam | a universalizing religion based on the teachings of Muhammad that originated in the hearth of Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula in the seventh century |
| Buddhism | The oldest universalizing religion which arose from a hearth in northeastern India sometime between the mid-sixth and mid-fourth centuries B.C.E. and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha |
| Sikhism | the newest universalizing religion; founded by Guru Nanak, who lived from 1469 to 1539, in the Punjab region of northwestern India |
| Ethnic Religions | a religion that is closely tied with a particular ethnic group often living in a particular place |
| Hinduism | an ethnic religion that arose a few thousand years ago in South Asia and is closely tied to India |
| Judaism | the world's first monotheistic religion, which developed among the Hebrew people of Southwest Asia about 4,000 years ago |
| Secularized | focused on worldly rather than spiritual concerns |
Created by:
Violet Snave