Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
consciousnes
sight and hearing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| conscious awareness | immediate awareness, thoughts, feelings, senses |
| preconscious | thoughts and memories we are currently not aware of, but could be |
| unconscious | learning, memory, perception we are unaware of |
| brain waves associated with awake sleep stage | beta waves |
| characteristics of awake stage | consciously aware |
| brain waves associated with sleep onset/eyes closed, relaxed sleep stage | alpha waves |
| characteristics of sleep onset/eyes closed, relaxed stage | stage between awake and sleeping (falling or rising) brain transitions from the faster beta waves of wakefulness to slower alpha waves, indicating a relaxed but still awake state |
| brain waves associated with Stage 1 (N1) sleep stage | theta waves? (small irregular waves) |
| characteristics of Stage 1 stage | -heart rate slows, breathing becomes more irregular -muscles relax, which may trigger a reflex muscle twitch (hypnic jerk) -light sleep **Hypnagogic sensations: brief hallucinations that take place as you're falling asleep |
| brain waves associated with Stage 2 (N2) sleep stage | theta waves |
| characteristics of Stage 2 stage | -body temp drops more **Sleep Spindles: distinctive bursts of brain wave activity that indicate a person is asleep. May help prevent the sleeping brain from becoming aroused by external stimuli |
| brain waves associated with Stage 3 (N3) sleep stage | Delta waves |
| characteristics of Stage 3 stage | -Delta waves begin to appear (large, slow brain waves that occur in deeper sleep) -they signal a move to deeper slow-wave sleep and a further loss of conscious -If awake during Delta waves, state of confusion and groggy |
| the sleep/wake cycle | Circadian Rhythm |
| Circadian Rhythm | your biological 24 clock -affected by jet lag and shift work -lead to sleep deprivation and poor concentration |
| why do we sleep | resorative model, cognitive model -cycles every 90 min -less sleep and REM as we get older (kids compared to adults) |
| resorative model | restore energy, physiological functions. new research suggest brain removes neurotoxic waste |
| cognitive model | allows brain to process info from that day, supports long term memory |
| selective attention | brain takes in all sensory info -filters out info deemed unimportant sensory adaptation |
| sensory adaptation | forget UNCHANGED stimuli -cold pool, your clothes |
| sensory coding | -transduction: a fiscal stimulus is converted into brain activity -senses convert to nerve impulse -thalamus (not smell) |
| absolute threshold | minimum amt of physical energy necessary to produce a sensation 50% of time SENSE? THRESHOLD? |
| just noticeable differences | -JND: perceivable difference in change of sitmulus -Weber's law: JND is in constant proportion of the intensity of the original sitmulus pitch: 1/3% weight 2% loudness 10% taste 20% light 8% -Sensory Interaction -Synesthesia |
| Sensory Interaction | senses work with and influence each other -flavor (taste and smell) |
| Synesthesia | a condition in which stimulation of 1 sense arouses sensation in another |
| vision | (energy sense) -transduction: occurs in the retina (rods/cones) -accomodation: lens bending light waves toward retinas Cones -Blue (short wavelength) -Green (medium wavelength) -Red (long wavelength) COLOR BLINDNESS 4 MALES^ |
| hearing | (energy sense) -movement of air molecules -pitch: wavelengths -amplitudes: loudness (high waves=louder, lower =quieter) -transduction in the coachlea |
| smell | (chemical sense: only one that does not go to thalamus) -transduction occurs in Olfactory bulb -pheromones: chemical messengers **smell goes directly to association cortex on temporal lobe. explains why smell is closely related to memory (thru limbic) |
| taste | (chemical sense) -gustation -transduction occurs in tastebuds -sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami (brothy/ meaty), oleogustus (fatty acid) -people differ taste sensitivity -supertaster, medium tasters, nontasters) |
| touch | (tactile sense) -transduction occurs from receptors in skin -amt of receptors differ across the body -most sensitive: hands/fingers, feet, mouth/face, genitals -least sensitive: back, forearms, calves -gate control theory (pain) |
| gate control theory (pain) | some pain has higher authority than others *scratch=high priority, itch=low priority -phantom limb: brain creates pain when nothings rlly there |
| vestibular sense | (tactile sense, not touch) controls balance semicircular canals and cerebellum |
| kinesthetic sense | sense of individual body parts receptors in the muscle tissues and joints |
| insomnia | difficulty in getting to sleep or staying asleep -frequent nighttime awakening -waking too early |
| narcolepsy | a sudden, irresistible sleep attack -may fall directly into REM -heredity |
| sleep apnea | disorder in which a person stops breathing during sleep, causing them to wake up to gasp for air, then sleep -overweight -robs a person of deep sleep, interferes w attention and memory |
| REM sleep behavior disorder | a sleep disorder in which you physically act out vivid, often unpleasant dreams with vocal sounds and sudden, often violent arm and leg movements during REM sleep -act out their REM dreams (movement, talking) |
| somnambulism | people who sleep walk; occurs during NREM sleep eyes usually open but blank face and shuffling feet -can't occur during REM because body isn't paralyzed |
| REM rebound | ? |
| consolidation theory | ? |
| activation synthesis theory | ? |
| nearsightedness | images fall short of the retina and you won't be able to focus on distant objects (if your eye is too long) |
| farsightedness | eye is too short, so near-sighted vision is blurry |
| rods | Can't detect colors, numbering 120 million. Pure rod vision is black and white, however, rods are more sensitive to light. Rods allow us to see in dim light |
| cones | Produce color sensations and fine details. About 5 million in each eye and work best in bright light. Have more rods because of dark adaptation |
| dark adaptation | the dramatic increase in the eyes sensitivity to light that occurs after a person enters the dark. rod allow us to see in the dark |
| blind spot | area in the retina where the optic nerve exits that contains no photoreceptor cells |
| trichromatic theory | a theory of color vision based on 3 cone types: red, green and blue -each most sensitive to either red, green, or blue |
| opponent-process color theory | proposition that color vision is based on coding things as red or green, yellow or blue, black or white -vision analysis color into "either or" message |
| afterimages | visual sensations that persist after a stimulus is removed-like seeing a spot after a flashbulb goes off |
| dichromatism | When only 2 different cone types are available to perceive color. People are unable to see the colors related to the missing cone |
| monochromatism | Known as complete color blindness, resulting in vision that can only utilize shades of gray, black, and white. Exists when no cones or just one type of cone is available |
| frequency theory | proposition that pitch is decoded from the rate at which hair cells of the basilar membrane are firing |
| place theory | proposition that higher and lower tones excite specific areas of the cochlea |
| volley theory | groups of neurons of the auditory system fire in unison, as opposed to each neuron firing at the same time, thereby creating volleys of nerve impulses |
| conductive hearing loss | when the transfer of vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear weakens |
| sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness) | results from damage to the inner ear hair cells or the auditory nerve |
| sound localization | the ability of an organism to discover the location of something producing sound waves based on things like intensity and timing |
Created by:
113014