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The Sensory Organs

TermDefinition
Sensations that must be Processed by the Nervous Sys. Touch, pain, temperature, body position in space, and the Visceral sensations such as hunger and thirst.
Visceral Senses Hunger, thirst and the feeling of fullness in the stomach and bladder.
Tactile Senses Touch and pressure.
Temperature Receptors Provide information to the nervous system about changes in body temperature.
Central Temperature Receptors In the Hypothalamus and monitor the brains internal temperature.
Pain Receptors The most numerous sensory receptors in the body. Located in nearly every part of the body except the brain. Trigger the protective mechanisms of the nervous system.
Proprioception The body's sense of its own position and movement. Detected by a variety of receptors in the skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints.
Tastebuds A type of Chemoreceptor, and are mostly on the dorsal surface of the tongue.
Gustatory Sense Sense of taste.
The 4 Taste Sensations Sweet, sour, bitter, salty.
Olfactory Sense Sense of smell.
Olfactory Epithelium Specialized epithelium that lines nasal cavities.
Olfactory Nerve How sensory signals travel to the brain.
Auditory Sense Sense of hearing.
Pinna The visible outer portions of the ear composed the Auricular Cartilage that funnels sound into the ear.
Auditory Canal The cartilage ring that later forms the Vertical Canal that leads to the Horizontal Canal.
Cerumen Earwax.
Otitis Externa An infection in the ear canal caused by bacteria from debris in the canal hair and earwax.
Tympanic Membrane The eardrum and where the middle ear begins.
Auditory Ossicles 3 tiny bones that transmit sound waves to the inner ear.
The 3 Bones of the Auditory Ossicles 1. Malleus, 2. Incus, 3. Stapes.
Vestibular Window Also called Oval Window, the cavity in the skull that leads to the inner ear.
Auditory Tube Also called Eustachian Tube, a tube that keeps the air pressure inside the ear consistent to the environment.
Cochlear Window Also called Round Window, serves as another opening in the Temporal Bone that leads to the inner ear.
Tympanic Bulla An auditory canal that's surrounded by a thin layer of bone.
Ciliated Columnar Epithelium What the entire middle ear is covered by.
Perilymph Fluid A fluid inside the system of ducts in the inner ear that protects its structures and carries sound vibrations.
Cochlea A spiral shaped organ in the ear that's responsible for the detection of sound.
Semicircular Canals In the inner ear, helps maintain balance.
Vestibule A sensory system in the inner ear that controls balance and spatial orientation by sensing head movements and position
Modiolus A hollow core in the middle of the Cochlea containing the Cochlear Nerve.
The 3 Important Structures Important for Balance 1. Utricle, 2. Saccule, 3. Semicircular Canals.
Utricle A structure in the inner ear important for maintaining balance.
Saccule A structure in the inner ear, important for balance by detecting vertical acceleration and head movement.
Semicircular Canals A structure in the inner ear, important for balance by detecting head movement.
The 3 Layers of the Eye 1. Sclera, 2. Uvea, 3. Retina.
Cornea The outermost, transparent layer of tissue that allows light to enter the eye.
Sclera The white part of the Eye.
Limbus The junction between the Sclera and Cornea in the eye.
The 1st Layer of the Eye Contains the Sclera and Cornea.
The 2nd Layer of the Eye The Uvea, contains the Choroid, Ciliary Body and Iris.
The 3rd Layer of the Eye The inner sensory layer containing the Retina.
Suspensory Ligament What attaches the Ciliary Body to the Lens.
Tapetum A reflective layer of tissue behind the Retina that aids in night vision.
Pupil The opening of the Iris.
Retina The 3rd part of the Ulvea, contains the Neurons that detect light stimuli and converts them into neurological signals.
2 Chambers of the Eye 1. Aqueous Chamber (Anterior), 2. Vitreous Chamber (Posterior).
Meiosis Pupil constriction.
Orbit The whole eyeball itself.
Conjunctiva A thin, transparent membrane that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and lines the inside of the eyelids and makes mucus to keep the moist.
Lacrimal Gland Produces tears.
Nictitating Membrane The third eyelid that's a t-shaped piece of cartilage in the corner of the Eye.
Lens Fibers Long, thin epithelial cells arranged to be transparent that form the lens that covers the white part of the eye (sclera) and lines the inside of the eyelids.
Cataracts When lens Fibers are altered to become opaque, blocking light from entering the retina that can result in blindness.
Aqueous Fluid A fluid in the Anterior portion of the Eye that supplies nutrients to the Corneal cells.
Intraocular Pressure Pressure produced by the Aqueous fluid secretion that supports the Cornea inside.
Glaucoma An eye disease caused by the drainage of Aquenous fluid being blocked, causing increased Intraocular pressure and pain that can lead to blindness.
Vitreous Body A thick jelly-like material that supports the Retina Lens and Ciliary Body that helps the eye keep its shape.
Receptor Neurons Rods, and Cons Neurons that sense light stimuli and are named by the shape of their receptor Dendrites.
Rhodopsin A light absorbing pigment in Rod Cells.
Iodopsin A light absorbing pigment , sensitive to various colors in Cone cells.
Optic Nerve Where Optic Nerve Fibers and the Optic Disk in the Retina join together that carries visual signals from the eye to the brain.
Vision The culmination of several types of processes that translate the electromagnetic energy of light into images in the brain.
Optic Chasm Where the left and right Optic Nerves meet, which is a bundle nerve fibers that lies at the base of the Cerebrum.
Binocular Vision 3D vision, better depth perception.
Monocular Vision Each eye sees seprately, wider field view, less depth perception.
Optic Tracts How visual signals travel to the Occipital Cortex at the back of the brain.
Visual Cortex Inside the Occiptal Cortex, interprets what you see, it connects to the Motor Cortex, Cerebellum, Brain Stem and Spinal Cord which help coordinate eye and body movements for reactions to vision.
Created by: martiew
 

 



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