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LS Cells
Cells Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Robert Hooke | In 1665, he was the first to observe "small chambers" in cork and call them cells |
| Anton van Leeuwenhoek | First to observe single-celled organisms moving around in pond water |
| Matthias Schleiden | Stated that all plants are made of cells |
| Theodore Schwann | Stated that all animals are made of cells |
| Rudolph Virchow | Proposed that all living things come from other cells |
| Cell Theory | an explanation of the relationship between cells and living things |
| Part 1 of the Cell Theory | all organisms are made of one or more cells |
| Part 2 of the Cell Theory | cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism |
| Part 3 of the Cell Theory | cells come from other living cells |
| cells | the basic unit of life |
| compound microscope | a light microscope that uses 2 convex lenses to magnify an image. You multiply the strength of the 2 lenses to get the total magnification |
| organism | any living that is made of cells and can carry out its own life processes |
| unicellular | an organism that is composed of only one cell |
| multi-cellular | a living thing made of many cells |
| homeostasis | the ability to maintain steady internal conditions |
| active transport | the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy |
| passive transport | movement of molecules across a cell membrane without the use of energy from the cell |
| diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| cell membrane | semipermeable cell structure that controls which substances can enter or leave the cell |
| mitosis | cell division in which the nucleus divides into two nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes |
| interphase | cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division; DNA replicates toward the end of this phase |
| prophase | first phase of mitosis, during which the DNA condenses into chromosomes and becomes visible; nuclear membrane dissolves; centrioles separate to opposite sides of the cell |
| metaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell |
| anaphase | phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
| telophase | phase of mitosis in which the two new nuclei reform and chromosomes begin to unwind back into loose chromatin |
| cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells |
| prokaryote | single-celled organism that does not have a nucleus or membrane-bund organelles |
| eukaryote | cells that contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria; can be multicellular or unicellular |
| organelle | a tiny cell structure that carries out a specific function within the cell |
| cell membrane | part of all cells - a flexible covering that surrounds the cell and controls which substances pass into and out of the cell |
| cell wall | a rigid layer outside the membrane that surrounds some cells; it helps protect and support the cell |
| cytoplasm | a clear gel-like substance that fills the cell |
| nucleus | a large round structure where the DNA is held; it is the largest organelle |
| ribosomes | small round organelles that produce proteins |
| mitochondria | organelles that break apart glucose which releases energy that the cell can use to live and function; the powerhouse of the cell |
| chloroplast | a green structure in plants that converts light energy into glucose in the process called photosynthesis |
| vacuole | plant cells have one or more of these large, membrane-bound sacs to store water, food, materials, or waste; some animal cells have small versions of these sacs |
Created by:
MrsTabor