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Pharmacology test 1
chapters 1-4
| 5 steps of the nursing process | ADPIE (assessment,diagnosis,planning,i mplementation,evalution) |
| subjective data | information that cannot be measured |
| objective data | information that is observed & can be verified |
| techniques used to obtain objective data | inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation |
| inspection= | close obersevation |
| palpation= | feeling |
| percussion | detecting differences in vibrations through the skin |
| auscultation | listening with a sthethoscope |
| 9 rights of drug administration | right patient, right drug, right dose, right route, right time, right reason, right documentation, right response, right to refuse |
| 4 important steps involved in planning to give a drug | know the reason you are giving the patient the drug, learn specific information about the drug, plan for special shortage requirements, develop a teaching plan for the patient |
| situations in which drugs should not be given | contradictions |
| health-related reasons in which the drug should be given with greater consideration to avoid adverse effects | precautions |
| carrying out your plan of care as you safely give drugs to the patient | implementation |
| therapeutic effects | when the drug does what it was supposed to do |
| unintended but not unusual affects that occur in many people taking the drug | expected side effects |
| when patients do not respond to their drug in the way they should or develop new signs or symptoms | adverse effects |
| things to ask when assessing a patient | current health problems, history of illnesses, history of surgeries, & drugs taken |
| how many pt Identifiers do you need before giving a drug | at least 2 |
| includes opioids (narcotics) and some sedatives or tranquilizers | controlled substances |
| antibiotics & oral contraceptives | prescription drugs |
| available without a prescription | over the counter (OTC) |
| nurses who give drugs are required to follow three levels of rules | federal laws: (describes rules that control how certain drugs may be given) state laws/regulations:(specify who may prescribe,dispense, or give drugs & the process to be used) individual hospital/agency rules:(specify guidelines or policies) |
| how many classifications are there for a controlled substance? | 5 |
| controlled substance I | high potential for abuse, no accepted medical use in treatment, lack of accepted safety for use of the drug or other substance under medical supervision |
| Controlled substance II | high potential for abuse, accepted as use for treatment, abuse may lead to severe psychological/physical dependence |
| controlled substance III | potential for abuse less than the drugs in I or II, currently accepted medical use for treatment, abuse may lead to moderate/low physical dependence or high psychological dependence |
| controlled substance IV | low potential for abuse, accepted medical use for treatment,abuse may lead to limited physical/psycological dependence |
| controlled substance V | low potential for abuse, accepted medical use, abuse may lead to limited physical/psycological dependence |
| legal prescription order must state the following (8) | patient's full name, date, name of drug, route of administration, dose, frequency, duration, signature of prescriber |
| standing drug order | indicates that the drug is to be given until discontinued or for a certain # of doses |
| emergency or stat drug order | one-time order to be given immediately |
| single drug order | one-time order |
| PRN (as needed) drug order | order for a drug to be given as needed based on a nurse's judgement of safety & patient need |
| high alert drugs | high risk of harm when associated with drug error |
| categories for high alert-drugs (PINCH) | Potassium, Insulin, Narcotics (opioids), Cancer chemotherapy drugs, Heparin or any drug type that interferes with blood clotting |
| black box warning | -assigned by the FDA. -this means that the drug has a higher than normal risk for causing serious or even life threatening problems |
| medication reconciliation | practice of comparing the patient's drug orders to all of the drugs that the patient has been taking |
| transitional care | when medical reconciliation is most important (leaving one healthcare setting to another) |
| Pharmacokinetics | what the body does to the drug |
| Pharmacodynamics | what the drug does to the body |
| Pharmacotherapeutics | the use of drugs in the treatment of disease |
| generic name | not capitalized when written |
| trade name or brand name | capitalized & followed by r symbol |
| chemical name | typically long/hyphenated (rarely used by nurses or physicians) |
| Agonist | -drug attaches at the receptor site & activates the receptor -drug has an action similar to that of the body's own chemicals |
| Partial agonist | drug attaches at the receptor site, but only a slight chemical action is produced |
| Antagonist | drug attaches at the receptor site, but no chemical drug response is produced, & the drug prevents activation of the receptor |
| basic drug processes (4) | absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion/elimination |
| absorption | How a drug enters the body & passes into the circulation (diffusion, filtration, osmosis) |
| distribution | route of administration influences absorption (via blood & lymph systems) |
| metabolism | biotransformation, first-pass effect. Affected by generic & developmental factors |
| excretion/elimination | urine/feces/breath/sweat/tears/saliva/milk |
| half-life | amount of time it takes the body to remove 50% of a drug from the body |
| drug actions (7) | desired action, side effect, adverse effect/reaction, Idiosyncratic response, Paradoxical reaction, allergic (hypersensitivity) , anaphylactic |
| Bioequivalence | brand name versus generic (generic equivalent) |
| drug interactions | when one drug changes the action of another drug, a drug interaction is present (additive effect/antagonistic effect/synergistic effect) |
| additive effect | occurs when giving 2 drugs together either makes one of the drugs stronger or makes the action of the two drugs more powerful |
| antagonistic effect | incompatibility |
| synergistic effect | the effect of two drugs taken at the same time is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug given alone |
| enteral | directly into the gastrointestinal tract |
| parenteral | underneath the skin |
| subcutaneous | into the fat |
| intramuscular | into muscle |
| epidural | into the cerebrospinal fluid |
| topical/percutaneous | on top of the skin |
| sublingual | under the tongue |
| buccal | against the cheek |
| inhalation | by the way of breathing |
| eternal drugs | drugs given directly into the gastrointestinal tract (oral, nasogastric, rectal) |
| before giving a pill or capsule you must know if they can _________ | swallow |
| can you crush potassium? | NO |
Created by:
gabulous