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Gr 6 SC Ch 3A
Gr 6 Science
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| geology | the study of the earth and its structure |
| crust | the outermost layer of the earth |
| mantle | the middle layer of the earth |
| Moho (Mohorovicic discontinuity) | the boundary between the crust and the mantle |
| core | the innermost region of the earth |
| weathering | a process that causes rocks to gradually break or crumble into smaller pieces |
| chemical weathering | natural acids slowly eat into a rock and break it apart |
| physical weathering | physical forces such as flowing water, ice, or windblown sand break down the rock |
| mid-oceanic ridge | an underwater mountain range in the ocean where plates of the earth's crust are moving away from each other |
| geologist | a scientist who studies the structure of the earth |
| earthquake | any trembling or shaking of the earth's crust |
| tsunami | an enormous wave that can be caused by an earthquake |
| seismology | the study of earthquakes |
| fault | the break that appears at the boundary between two moving masses of rock |
| focus | the point underground where an earthquake begins |
| epicenter | the place at ground level that is directly above the focus of an earthquake |
| magnitude | the strength of an earthquake |
| Richter scale | the sale used to measure the strength of an earthquake |
| seismic belts | the regions of the earth where most of the world's earthquakes occur |
| magma | melted rock (underground) |
| magma chamber | a large reservoir located a few miles beneath the earth's surface containing magma |
| volcano | an a vent that allows molten rock and hot gases to escape from within the earth |
| vent | opening created when trapped gases blast through the earth's surface; opening through which an eruption occurs |
| lava | molten rock after it reaches the earth's surface |
| Ring of Fire | a zone of volcanoes that encircles the edge of the Pacific Ocean |
| fumaroles | holes or cracks that serve as escape vents for underground gases |
| tephra | fragments of volcanic rock that form when thick magma explodes into pieces as it leaves the volcano |
| volcanic ash | the smallest fragments of tephra; resembles dust or fine sand |
| lapilli | fragments of tephra that are smaller than bombs and blocks but larger than volanic ash; means "little stones" |
| crater | a depression at the top of a volcano |
| caldera | a huge, bowl-shaped depression formed when an empty magma chamber collapses after a volcanic eruption |
| active | a volcano that has erupted recently or is considered likely to erupt in the near future |
| dormant | a volcano that erupted many years ago and although no inactive, may erupt again |
| extinct | a volcano that has not erupted in recorder history or is unlikely ever to erupt again |
| shield volcano | formed when large amounts of fluid, runny lava gradually build up a dome-shaped mountain |
| cinder cone volcano | formed when eruptions composed mostly of tephra build up cone-shaped mountains |
| composite volcano | formed when alternation layers of fluid lava and tephra build up a steep symmetrical mountain, often with a small crater at the top |
| Hawaiian | eruption style in which fluid lava surges from the vent like water from a fountain / fire curtain |
| Strombolian | eruption style in which globs of hot lava are flung into the air where they harden into volcanic bombs in a series of noisy but mild eruptions |
| Plinian | eruption style in which hot clouds of gas and dust are expelled high into the air, usually quite violently |
| plates | the huge pieces of the earth's crust that "float" like rafts on the upper mantle |
| 1. crust 2. mantle 3. outer core 4. inner core | four layers of the earth in order from outside to the innermost region |
Created by:
timberswartz05