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EXAM 3 PREP
Sectional Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the sagittal imaging plane of the neonatal brain, what anatomical landmark is used to define the area of the germinal matrix? | Caudothalamic groove |
| Which part of the brain produces the cerebral spinal fluid found within the brain's ventricles and within the spine's central canal? | Choroid plexus |
| What three structures make up the brain stem in a normal neonatal brain? | Midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata |
| In the coronal imaging plane the thalami lie ? to the bodies of the lateral ventricles? | Inferior |
| The primary window for imaging the neonatal brain is the? | Anterior fontanelle |
| What imaging planes are normally used to scan the neonatal brain? | Sagittal and coronal |
| In the neonatal brain, the area where the bodies of the lateral ventricle, the temporal horns, and the occipital horns join is called the? | Trigone |
| In the fetus, which blood vessels supply the lower extremities with oxygenated blood? | Iliac arteries |
| What drug is administered to neonates to keep the ductus arteriosus patent? | Prostaglandin E |
| What structure directs shunted, oxygen enriched blood from the ductus venosus across the foramen ovale into the left atrium? | Eustachian valve |
| Which chamber of the fetal heart houses the moderator band? | Right ventricle |
| What is another term for situs ambiguous? | Heterotaxy |
| What is a karyotype? | A map of the chromosomes |
| For a worried female, what is one of the major advantages of fetal blood sampling over amniocentesis? | It doesn't take as long to get the test results back |
| True or false: A twin pregnancy is not considered a normal pregnancy, it's a high-risk pregnancy | True |
| Which of the following tests is utilized to determine fetal lung maturity? | Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio (L-S ratio) |
| What does an umbilical cord Doppler examination measure? | Resistance of blood flow in the placenta |
| What type of examination is utilized to determine whether or not a fetus is in distress? | Biophysical profile |
| Which of the following is considered a "strap" muscle? | Sternohyoid |
| How does normal thyroid parenchyma compare sonographically to the surrounding tissues? | More echogenic, homogenous texture |
| What hormone is responsible for stimulating the secretory system of the breast? | Prolactin |
| In regards to the production of hormones that influence the thyroid, what does the basal metabolic rate control? | The level of thyrotropin-releasing factor |
| The strap (infrahyoid) muscles of the neck are composed of the? | Sternohyoid, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles |
| What structure normally connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland? | Isthmus |
| A normal breast consists of 15-20 ? that are separated by layers of fatty tissue. | Lobes |
| What vascular structures normally lie posterolateral to each lobe of the thyroid gland? | Common carotid artery and internal jugular vein |
| Why do breasts generally appear more fatty after menopause? | Mammary ducts begin to atrophy |
| A common variant in women of childbearing age is the ? breast | Fibrocystic |
| What are the three major anatomic layers of the breast? | Subcutaneous, mammary, and retromammary |
| What structures help support the breast? | Cooper's ligaments |
| How many layers comprise the breast's structure? | Three |
| What is the most common use of breast sonography? | To determine the composition of breast masses |
| What causes the fetal heart to lie in an almost horizontal position within the thorax? | Enlarged liver due to red blood cell production |
| True or False: Fetal gender is easily determined during the first trimester | False |
| If performed correctly during early gestation, which measurement is the most accurate in determining gestational age? | Crown-rump length |
| When imaging the placenta one may see maternal venous pools of blood which are known as? | Lacunae |
| What are the landmarks used for proper measurement of the fetal abdominal circumference? | Spine, umbilical vein branches, stomach |
| Which organs produce progesterone and estrogen? | Ovaries (corpus luteum on the ovary) |
| What is the fetal waste material that accumulates in the bowel during the second & third trimesters of a normal pregnancy? | Meconium |
| A normal fetal heart should have the ? located closest to the fetal spine. | Left atrium |
| The largest cistern within the brain is the ? which lies inferior and posterior to the cerebellum | Cisterna magna |
| Which part of the brain produces the cerebral spinal fluid found within the brain's ventricles and within the spine's central canal? | Choroid plexus |
| A normal Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) measurement is ? cm | 8-25 |
| What are the two fetal membranes that enclose the embryo? | Amnion, chorion |
| Transvaginally, a normal embryo should be visible by ? weeks gestation. | 6 |
| What is the embyronic period of a normal pregnancy? | 6-10 |
| What are the three shunts present within the fetal cardiovascular system? | Foramen ovale, ductus venosus, ductus arteriosus |
| A normal fetal bladder should fill & empty every? | 30-45 minutes |
| What is another name for the fertilized ovum? | Zygote |
| What sonographic image characteristic distinguishes a pseudosac from a normal gestational sac? | A normal sac has a double-ring around it |
| What are the landmarks for proper measurement of the fetal Head Circumference (HC)? | Tentorium, third ventricle, thalamus, & cavum septum pellucidum, fi present |
| The pools of maternal blood that surround the chorionic villi are referred to as? | Lacunae |
| The crown-rump length (CRL) measurement is accurate to within ? days in dating the age of the embryo. | 4.7 |
| The umbilical cord has? | 3 vessels |
| Which umbilical vessel supplies oxygenated blood? | Umbilical vein |
| What does the 3 umbilical vessels consist of? | 2 arteries, 1 vein |
| The sonographic appearance of the normal thyroid gland is uniformly | Echogenic with medium-level echoes, similar to the testes and liver. |
| The secretion of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and calcitonin is regulated by the? | Hypothalamus and pituitary gland |
| T3, T4, and calcitonin respond to the secretion of what lab value? | TSH |
| High levels of TSH indicate? | Hypothyroidism |
| Low levels of TSH indicate? | Hyperthyroidism |
| Placenta previa occurs | When a portion of the placenta covers the internal os of the cervix |
| True or False: fibrocystic breast tissue is considered a normal variant | True |
| True or False: the glandular layer of the breast atrophies after menopause | True |
| What layer contains glandular tissue? | Mammary |
| Which great vessels are noted in an RVT image? | Aorta and pulmonary artery |
| The artial septal opening in the fetal heart is the? | Foramen Ovale |
| The pulmonary artery and the aorta are connected by the? | Ductus arteriosus |
| HCG is secreted by the developing? | Placenta |
| What is the first structure identified within the gestational sac? | Yolk Sac |
| The embryo is sonographically visible with transvaginal scanning | by 6 weeks gestational age |
| What is the normal flow pattern seen in an umbilical artery Doppler waveform? | Low-resistance |
| What is a normal amniotic fluid index (AFI)? | 8-25 cm |
| What is a function of the amniotic fluid? | Permits symmetric growth of the fetus, temperature regulation, shock absorber, and tone |
| What oxygenates the fetus? | Placenta |
| How is assignment of gender of fetus determined? | Scrotum or labia |
| An accurate BPD measurement can be obtained through any plane of section that intersects the? | Thalami, third ventricle, and cavum septum pellucidum |
| The L-S ratio is used to? | Determine lung maturity |
| What is your landmark when determining abdominal circumference? | Stomach (fluid filled) |
| Scores lower than 8 on a biophysical profile are? | Usually followed up with additional testing or induced labor |
| A landmark frequently used to identify the right ventricle is the? | Moderator band |
| Normal arrangement of the abdominal and thoracic organs is referred to as? | Situs Solitus |
| What can be given to the neonate after birth to allow the ductus arteriosus to remain patent? | Prostaglandin E |
| The largest cistern in the brain is the? | Cisterna Magna |
| A network of blood vessels and neural tissue in the brain and high susceptible to hemorrhage | Germinal Matrix |
| If division occurs in the embryonic disk more than 13 days after fertilization, the result is? | Conjoined Twins |
| If twin fetuses are of opposite gender, they are always? | Dichorionic and Diamniotic |
| What are the variables observed during a biophysical profile examination? | Fetal breathing, fetal heart rate, amniotic fluid volume, gross movements, and fetal tone |
Created by:
marissagirl