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EVIDENCES- EVOLUTION

QuestionAnswer
What is evolution A change in the inherited traits of a population over time.
What is biological evolution supported by Multiple lines of evidence including fossils, comparative anatomy, embryology, biochemistry, and molecular biology.
What does the fossil record show Gradual changes in species over time and the appearance of new, more complex organisms.
What are transitional fossils Fossils that show intermediate traits between ancestral and descendant species.
What do homologous structures suggest Common ancestry; similar structures with different functions in related species.
What are examples of homologous structures The forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats.
What are analogous structures Structures with similar function but different structure, showing no common ancestry.
Give an example of analogous structures. Wings of birds and wings of insects.
What are vestigial structures Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
Give an example of a vestigial structure in humans. Appendix, wisdom teeth, or tailbone.
What does comparative embryology show Early developmental stages of different organisms show similar patterns, indicating common ancestry.
What does molecular biology reveal about evolution Similar DNA and protein sequences indicate evolutionary relationships.
What molecule is often compared to determine relatedness DNA base sequences.
What is biogeography The study of the distribution of species around the world.
Species that are geographically isolated evolve differently due to different environments.
What is natural selection The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
Who proposed the theory of natural selection Charles Darwin.
What book did Darwin write On the Origin of Species (1859).
What are the four principles of natural selection Variation, overproduction, adaptation, and descent with modification.
What is 'descent with modification' Each generation inherits traits that may differ from their ancestors due to natural selection.
How does genetic variation arise Through mutations and sexual reproduction.
How can fossils show extinction Certain fossils disappear from newer rock layers, indicating a species no longer exists.
What are molecular clocks used for
What is convergent evolution Unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environments.
What is divergent evolution Related species evolve different traits to adapt to different environments.
What is coevolution Two species evolve in response to each other (e.g., pollinators and flowers).
How does the fossil record show speciation events Transitional fossils reveal branching points between species.
How does DNA evidence strengthen Darwin’s theory Genetic similarities confirm relationships predicted by morphology and fossil evidence.
Created by: pnetha
 

 



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